The wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), vectored by the wheat curl mite, is
globally distributed and threatens wheat production worldwide. Since its
first occurrence in Serbia in the 1960s, WSMV presence has not been
monitored. In 2019, a total of 62 samples of fi ve wheat cultivars from eight
locations in Serbia were collected and tested for the presence of nine common
wheat viruses: WSMV, barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV, -MAV, -SGV, and -RMV,
cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV, wheat spindle streak virus, brome mosaic
virus, and soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, using individual or multiplex
RT-PCR. WSMV was detected in 58.1% of the tested samples in seven wheat crops
at five different locations. Species-specific primers failed to detect the
presence of the other eight tested viruses. For further confirmation of WSMV,
RT-PCR with the WS8166F/WS8909R primers covering the coat protein (CP) gene
was carried out for both amplification and sequencing. The amplified product
of the correct predicted size (750 bp) derived from four selected isolates,
98-19, 99-19, 102-19 and 120-19, was sequenced and deposited in GenBank
(MT461299, MT461300, MT461301 and MT461302, respectively). Serbian WSMV
isolates showed very high nucleotide identity (98.16-99.02%) and shared a
deletion of triplet codon GCA at nucleotide position 8412- 8414 resulting in
deletion of glycine amino acid (Gly2761). Phylogenetic analysis conducted on
CP gene sequences revealed the existence of four clades, named A, B, C and D,
and one recently introduced clade B1. All Serbian wheat WSMV isolates grouped
into clade B together with other European isolates and one isolate from Iran.
The results of this study provide the first insight into molecular
characterisation of Serbian WSMV isolates, indicating their close
relationship with other European isolates and existence of a single genotype
in the country. Phylogenetic analysis also confirms the dispersal of WSMV
isolates throughout Europe from a single locus.