VOLATILITAS HARGA BAWANG MERAH DI INDONESIA

Abstrak Bawang merah merupakan salah satu komoditi hortikultura yang strategis dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi pemasaran (transmisi) dan asimetri harga bawang merah di Indonesia. Analisis asimetri harga dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Error Correction Models (ECM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi asimetri harga yang berarti bahwa transmisi harga atau harga yang diteruskan antara lembaga pemasaran. Hal ini disebabkan karena transmisi harga berlangsung secara tidak sempurna akibat adanya inefisiensi pasar baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Dalam hal ini produsen tidak mendapat manfaat atas kenaikan harga di tingkat konsumen dan konsumen tidak mendapat manfaat atas penurunan harga di tingkat produsen. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya campur tangan pemerintah untuk mengawasi rantai pemasaran sampai ke pasar induk. Pemerintah perlu menata distribusi sentra produksi, distribusi hasil panen antar wilayah, serta mengawasi dan mengevaluasi kebijakan harga bawang merah. Kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut bertujuan untuk menjamin kecukupan dan kelancaran distribusi bawang merah. Kata Kunci: Asimetri, Bawang Merah, ECM, Transmisi Harga. Abstract Shallot is one of the strategic horticultural commodities and has a high economic value. This study aims to analyze marketing (transmission) efficiency and asymmetry of the price shallots in Indonesia. Price asymmetry analysis is performed using the Error Correction Models (ECM) approach. The results showed that there had been price asymmetry which meant that the transmission of prices or prices were passed on between marketing institutions. This is due to the imperfect transmission of prices due to market inefficiencies both in the short and long term. In this case producers do not benefit from price increases at the consumer level and consumers do not benefit from price decreases at the producer level. The result of this research recommend the need for government intervention to oversee the marketing chain to the wholesale market. The government needs to organize the distribution of production centres, distribution of harvests between regions, and oversee and evaluate the shallot price policy. These policies aim to ensure the adequacy and smooth distribution of shallots. Key words : Asymmetry, ECM, Price Transmission, Shallot. JEL Classification : Q11, Q12, Q13

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Dampak Penerapan Harga Acuan Pembelian (HAP) Gula di Tingkat Eceran Terhadap Harga Gula Petani dan Stabilitas Harga Gula

Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan ◽

10.30908/bilp.v13i1.354 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 137-162

Author(s):

Yati Nuryati ◽

Bagus Wicaksena ◽

Dwi Wahyuniarti Prabowo

Keyword(s):

Error Correction ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Value Added ◽

Price Policy ◽

Error Correction Model ◽

Price Stabilization ◽

Correction Model ◽

Sugar Price ◽

Auction Price ◽

The Government

Abstrak Pemerintah berupaya menjaga stabilitas harga bahan pangan pokok melalui berbagai kebijakan penetapan harga. Salah satunya adalah kebijakan penetapan Harga Acuan Pembelian (HAP) pada komoditas gula. Dalam implementasinya, penerapan HAP Gula di tingkat eceran dinilai berdampak pada penurunan harga gula di tingkat petani/produsen. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penerapan HAP Gula terhadap harga lelang gula petani dan stabilitas harga gula, dan merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan HAP Gula yang efektif. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis ekonometrik melalui Error Correction Model (ECM), hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan HET berpengaruh terhadap harga lelang gula petani dalam jangka pendek. Dalam jangka panjang, harga lelang gula petani lebih ditentukan oleh harga gula impor, stok gula nasional, dan harga lelang gula pada periode sebelumnya. Kebijakan yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga lelang gula yaitu penerapan PPN Gula. Kajian ini merekomendasikan bahwa penetapan kebijakan HAP pada komoditi gula dapat terus dilakukan dalam rangka stabilisasi harga dengan melakukan evaluasi secara berkala. Pemerintah dapat mempertahankan HAP gula sebesar Rp 12.500/kg yang didukung oleh beberapa hal yaitu: menangguhkan penerapan PPN gula petani; mengawasi keberadaan satgas pangan; menerapkan pengawasan pasar gula yang memberikan kepastian pada petani, pabrik gula, dan konsumen. Kata Kunci: Kebijakan HAP, Error Correction Model (ECM), Stabilisasi Harga Gula Abstract The Government strives to keep price stability of staple food through price policy, the so-called “Harga Acuan Pembelian (HAP) for sugar”. During its implementation, the policy has given negative impact on farm gate price. This study aims to analyze the effect of HAP for sugar to farm gate price which is reflected in auction price as well as its impact to price stabilization, and formulate effective policy recommendations on HAP for sugar. Using Error Correction Model (ECM), the study shown that HAP for sugar significantly impacted the auction price yet in the short term. While for the long term, the auction price of sugar was more affected by import sugar price, national sugar stock, and sugar auction price in previous period. Moreover, the implementation of value added tax (VAT) on sugar affected significantly to the auction price. The study recommended the HAP for sugar can be consistently implemented with periodic evaluation. Accordingly, the Government can maintain the prevailing HAP at Rp 12.500/kg which has to be supported by forgoing the VAT policy on sugar; monitoring the role of task force; and strongly supervising the domestic sugar market that is favourable to farmers, sugar millers, and consumers. Keywords: Price Policy, Error Correction Model (ECM), Sugar Price Stabilization JEL Classification: E31, Q13,Q18

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How has the minimum support price policy of India affected cross-commodity price linkages?

International Food and Agribusiness Management Review ◽

10.22434/ifamr2020.0035 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Luis Emilio Morales ◽

Jean Balié ◽

Emiliano Magrini

Keyword(s):

Market Integration ◽

Commodity Price ◽

Price Policy ◽

Price Transmission ◽

Agricultural Commodities ◽

Price Shocks ◽

Minimum Support ◽

Risk Levels ◽

Support Price ◽

The Government

For several decades, the government of India has implemented a minimum support price (MSP) policy for agricultural commodities to reduce price risk levels for farmers. Concerns have been raised about whether this policy could affect market integration of related agricultural products, modify price incentives, and ultimately alter resource allocation and production between commodities. This study uses a panel vector auto-regression model across six states for the period 2002-2017 to analyse the effects of the MSP on the transmission of price shocks between cereals and oilseeds. The results demonstrate that the MSP partially and completely offsets price linkages between agricultural commodities, potentially introducing distortions in price incentives that affect land allocation and production between commodities. Beyond the effects of the MSP across commodities, Indian authorities can expect that price shocks on maize be transmitted to soybean over the next production period. Finally, this study demonstrates that the use of alternative data frequencies can identify differences in market reactions over time that can be related to production cycles and delays in price transmission.

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