scholarly journals RESEARCH INTO THE ROLE OF BIVALVE MOLLUSKS IN THE PREVALENCE OF TRICHINELLA IN MARINE BIOCENOSES

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Bukina
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Arctic Foxes ◽  
Terrestrial Animal ◽  
Circulation Mechanism ◽  
Feeding Structure

Trichinosis is a dangerous anthropozoonotic disease caused by a nematode of the genus Trichinella. Being polyhostal, Trichinella is recorded in more than 150 species of animals, including marine mammals. While the circulation mechanism in terrestrial animal species is well-studied and has a logical explanation, the ways of infection of marine mammals remain unexplored in many respects up to the present. Among marine mammals, trichinosis is most common in walruses with the prevalence of 1.5% (Bukina L.A., 2015). The main sources of trichinosis infection for benthophagous walruses are probably their most important prey items, amphipods and bivalve mollusks. The purpose of the present paper was to study the role of bivalves in the transmission of infective material to a potential host. In the experimental infection, decapsulated trichinella larvae isolated from the muscle tissue of cage-kept arctic foxes were used. Trichinella larvae were isolated by the method of trichinelloscopy and digestion of muscle tissue in artificial gastric juice. It was found that the filter feeding structure of mussels does not let trichinella pass into the intestine. However, larvae trapped in the mantle cavity are filtered out and removed as pseudofaeces through the excurrent siphon to the environment. At the same time, they remain viable for 113 hours. The most invasive and viable were trichinella isolated from pseudofaeces and wash off from the mantle cavity (mantle complex) within 30 to 70 hours. The bio-assays performed on white outbred mice were positive. Therefore, mussels can be direct or indirect sources of the invasion. Taking into account that walruses can eat more than 3,000 mollusks in one feeding, the probability of infection increases significantly.

Role of bivalve mollusks in the sediment balance of the Anapa Bay Bar

Oceanology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Kosyan ◽  
N. V. Kucheruk ◽  
M. V. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
Sediment Balance

scholarly journals The role of marine mammals in the Barents Sea foodweb

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i37-i53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Anne Blanchet ◽  
Raul Primicerio ◽  
André Frainer ◽  
Susanne Kortsch ◽  
Mette Skern-Mauritzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Trophic Links ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Network Modularity

Abstract Marine mammals are important players in the Barents Sea ecosystem but their structural role in the foodweb has been little explored. We compare foodweb-related characteristics within and between phylogenetic groups for 19 marine mammals. As a group, they directly connect to the most central species (i.e cod and haddock) in the Barents Sea (i.e. cod and haddock) and consume over half of the available species. Pinnipeds are the most homogenous phylogenetic group with high omnivory and high prey richness. Mysticetes are split between well-connected species with high omnivory like the humpback whale, and peripheral specialists like the blue whale. Based on foodweb-derived indices some species consistently cluster together forming two groups, suggesting topological redundancy within them. One is dominated by Arctic seals and the other includes most of the baleen whales. Marine mammals generally contribute to network modularity as their trophic links are mainly within their own module. However, Atlantic species such as the grey seal act as a module connector decreasing modularity. This might negatively affect ecosystem robustness with perturbation effects spreading further and quicker in the foodweb. In the Arctic reaches of the Barents Sea, climate warming is likely to bring about extensive changes in the foodweb structure through a redistribution of species.

South American sea lions Otaria byronia as biological samplers of local cephalopod fauna in the Patagonian shelf marine ecosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (06) ◽  
pp. 1459-1463
Author(s):  
R. L. Bustos ◽  
G. A. Daneri ◽  
E. A. Varela ◽  
A. Harrington ◽  
A. V. Volpedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
South American ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Patagonian Shelf ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Top Predators

AbstractCephalopods are important prey in the diet of top predators, such as marine mammals and seabirds. However, detailed information on their trophic relationships in the Patagonian marine ecosystem is scarce, including those cephalopod species with commercial interest. The aims of this study were to evaluate the composition of the cephalopod component in the diet of Otaria byronia and determine the habitat use and trophic levels of their main cephalopod prey by measuring the stable isotopic signature of cephalopod beaks. Between May 2005 and February 2009, fresh faecal samples were collected from two sea lions rookeries in San Matias Gulf. Cephalopods occurred in 39.4% of the 1112 samples collected during the whole period of study. The dominant prey species was Octopus tehuelchus, which occurred in 45.8% of scats containing cephalopod remains, and represented 58.7% in terms of numerical abundance and 52.0% in mass of cephalopods consumed. The second species most consumed was the myopsid Doryteuthis gahi. The significant higher δ15N values of O. tehuelchus beaks in comparison with those of D. gahi showed that these two species have different trophic levels while occupying similar habitat (δ13C values) in neritic waters of the Patagonian shelf.

Biosorption of thorium on the external shell surface of bivalve mollusks: The role of shell surface microtopography

Chemosphere ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 680-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Zuykov ◽  
Emilien Pelletier ◽  
Richard Saint-Louis ◽  
Antonio Checa ◽  
Serge Demers
Keyword(s):  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
Shell Surface ◽  
Surface Microtopography ◽  
External Shell

scholarly journals The role of endothelial cells in myofiber differentiation and the vascularization and innervation of bioengineered muscle tissue in vivo

Biomaterials ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Criswell ◽  
Benjamin T. Corona ◽  
Zhan Wang ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Guoguang Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Bioengineered Muscle

The taphonomy and affinities of the problematic fossilMyoscolexfrom the Lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek E. G. Briggs ◽  
Christopher Nedin
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Striking Contrast

Most of the specimens ofMyoscolex atelesGlaessner, 1979, the most abundant soft-bodied taxon in the Big Gully fauna from the Lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia, preserveonlythe phosphatized trunk muscles, in striking contrast to the organic residues that characterize other Burgess-Shale-type biotas. This is the oldest phosphatized muscle tissue and the first thus far reported from the Cambrian. The extent of phosphatization implies a source in addition to the animal itself, and this is reflected in high levels of phosphate in the Big Gully sequence compared to other shales. The apparent anomaly posed by the extensive preservation of labile muscle tissue as opposed to the more decay resistant cuticle is explained by the role of bacterial processes in the preservation of soft tissues. New specimens ofMyoscolexreveal a variable number of trunk somites with possible tergites, and flap-like appendages. There is evidence for at least three eyes on the head, and a proboscis may have been present. An annelid affinity is rejected andMyoscolexis reinterpreted as anOpabinia-likeanimal with possible affinities with the arachnomorph arthropods.

Changes in the diet of the Australasian gannet (Morus serrator) in response to the 1998 mortality of pilchards (Sardinops sagax)

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bunce ◽  
F. I. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Piscivorous Fish ◽  
Mortality Event ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Schooling Fish ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sardinops Sagax ◽  
Morus Serrator

The diet of Australasian gannets (Morus serrator) breeding in Port Phillip Bay was investigated before and after a mass mortality of pilchards (Sardinops sagax) in southern Australian waters in 1998. Gannets usually feed on inshore pelagic schooling fish, such as pilchards and barracouta (Thyrsites atun), and to a lesser extent on other species. Pilchards represented ~60% of the gannet diet examined before the spread of pilchard deaths into Victorian waters, but this component declined to 5% following the mortality event. This reduction was compensated by a substantial increase in the amount of barracouta taken, supporting the view that the gannet is a flexible forager. However, the 1998 mortality of pilchards is likely to have wider implications since pilchards are an important prey for other piscivorous fish, seabirds and marine mammals.

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