Who Engages in Gender Bullying? The Role of Homophobic Name-Calling, Gender Pressure, and Gender Conformity

This study examines whether bullies’ gender conformity, pressure to conform to gender norms (felt pressure), and experiences of homophobic name-calling are associated with a tendency to bully gender conforming victims (GCV) and gender non-conforming victims (GNCV). Longitudinal changes were analyzed on all peer interactions in an entire 6th-grade cohort over two-time points during the academic year (152 girls and 128 boys). Experiencing homophobic name-calling at Time 1 predicted perpetrating bullying against GNCV at Time 2. Only for boys, one’s own gender conformity predicted bullying GNCV at Time 2. No significant associations with bullying GCV at Time 2 were found. Bullying GNCV may represent a defensive reaction to demonstrate bullies’ own gender conformity. Particularly among male bullies, one’s own gender conformity can affect the selection of victims based on their gender conformity. This study has important implications for the development of interventions to reduce aggressive behaviors against GNCV in middle school.

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When Gender Stereotypes Get Male Adolescents into Trouble: A Longitudinal Study on Gender Conformity Pressure as a Predictor of School Misconduct

Sex Roles ◽

10.1007/s11199-020-01147-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 84 (1-2) ◽

pp. 61-75

Author(s):

Anke Heyder ◽

Margriet van Hek ◽

Mieke Van Houtte

Keyword(s):

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Educational Achievement ◽

Panel Study ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

Growth Curve Models ◽

Male Adolescents ◽

Gender Conformity ◽

School Misconduct ◽

Conformity Pressure

AbstractSchool misconduct is a threat to educational careers and learning. The present study sheds light on why male adolescents in particular are prone to school misconduct. Qualitative research has argued that male adolescents’ construction of masculinity is a factor driving their school misbehavior. We examined the role of felt pressure to conform to gender stereotypes in predicting school misconduct among male and female adolescents. Data were provided by a three-wave panel study encompassing more than 4200 Flemish early adolescents (ages 12–14). Three-level growth curve models showed that male adolescents misbehaved more in school than female adolescents did. Male adolescents also demonstrated a steeper increase in school misconduct than female adolescents. Furthermore, greater felt gender conformity pressure predicted an increase in school misconduct in male adolescents but not in female adolescents. We conclude that school misconduct forms part of an enactment of masculine gender identity with detrimental consequences for male adolescents’ educational achievement.

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Beyond Access and Inclusion: Dalit Experiences of Participation in Higher Education in Rural Punjab

Contemporary Voice of Dalit ◽

10.1177/2455328x20925592 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 234-248

Author(s):

Kamlesh Narwana ◽

Angrej Singh Gill

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Social Inclusion ◽

Peer Interactions ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Indian State ◽

And Gender ◽

Culture Of Silence ◽

Participation In Higher Education

Keeping constitutional egalitarianism and social justice as primary goals, Indian state has emphasized on making education more inclusive by improving accessibility of socially marginalized sections. When the exclusion has multi-prone dimensions with social, economic and cultural overlapping factors, the present study attempts to observe how much inclusion the process of formal accessibility has provided in a real sense. In this context, the article aims to interrogate the journey of higher education of Dalit in rural Punjab. On the basis of a case study of a government institute, an attempt is made to understand the challenges of Dalit students’ participation in higher education by looking at their day-to-day struggle in terms of social inclusion, financial constraints and sharing of institutional spaces. Based on the qualitative data, collected by semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, the article primarily endeavours to explore what happens after reaching inside the walls of a higher education institute by looking inside processes such as classroom participation; peer interactions; and intersectionality of class, caste and gender. Underlining the significant role of caste in defining the educational experiences of Dalit students and hidden culture of silence in higher education, the findings underscore that emergence of class along caste lines, different face of patriarchy for Dalit females, inaccessibility of affirmative action with daily financial challenges, make the process of inclusion still a distant dream.

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The role of b-blockers in treatment of hypertension, according to Russian and European experts

Systemic Hypertension ◽

10.26442/sg29112 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 6-10

Author(s):

O D Ostroumova ◽

V M Fomina ◽

G N Shchukina ◽

E A Smoliarchuk

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Peripheral Artery ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Metoprolol Succinate ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Treatment Of Hypertension ◽

And Gender ◽

Selection Of

The article focuses on the use of b-blockers for the treatment of arterial hypertension (AH). Given the situation of modern Russian and European recommendations about the place of b-blockers in the treatment of AH, including their benefits with a combination of hypertension with coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, atrial fibrillation. Analyzed the efficacy and safety of b-blockers in diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, peripheral artery, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sexual dysfunction, in individuals of different age and gender. It is emphasized that the selection of b-blockers inside of a class is determined by its selectivity, the study in clinical studies, pharmacokinetic characteristics. Data about efficiency and safety of application of metoprolol succinate.

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Shopping for an Orthodontist

The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society ◽

10.1177/0301574220960304 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 030157422096030

Author(s):

Chandrika G. Katti ◽

Archana Mohan

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Treatment Cost ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Patient Feedback ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

And Gender ◽

General Dentist ◽

Selection Of

Choosing an orthodontist is one of the most important decisions patients need to make for their beautiful smiles. What are the factors that lead a patient to choose an orthodontist for their treatment? To find an answer, a survey was conducted to explore information from patients about the factors influencing them for choosing an orthodontic practice. The questionnaire focused on the role of social media, qualification, patient feedback, general dentist referral, treatment cost, reputation of the dentist, latest technologies used, age and gender of the practitioner, and location of clinic in the selection of an orthodontist by the patient. The research included 400 new orthodontic patients visiting dental college and orthodontic office. The study concluded that advertising tools such as social media, qualification and reputation of the practitioner, feedback from previous patient, age and gender of the practitioner, and dentist referral were important criteria in selecting an orthodontist.

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