Between January 1983 and December 1996, 108 patients with ruptured aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva underwent surgical correction in Shanghai Chest Hospital. The aneurysms ruptured into the right ventricle in 91 patients, into the right atrium in 16, and into the left atrium in 1. The aneurysm originated from the right coronary sinus in 82 patients, from the noncoronary sinus in 25, and from the left coronary sinus in 1. Associated intracardiac defects included ventricular septal defect in 52, aortic valve insufficiency in 67, and patent ductus arteriosus in 2. A ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva without aortic valve insufficiency was approached via the cardiac chamber into which it ruptured. When the aneurysm was associated with moderate or severe aortic valve insufficiency we preferred the transaortic approach for repair. The aneurysm was excised at its base and repaired with a Dacron patch regardless of the size of the base of the aneurysm. Active surgical management of aortic valve insufficiency was performed at the initial operation using valve suspension in 25 patients with moderate aortic valve insufficiency and replacement with a mechanical valve prosthesis in 6 cases of severe aortic insufficiency. The early mortality was 2.78%. The median follow-up period was 3.9 years. Of the 72 patients who were followed up, 67 are in New. York Heart Association functional class I or II and 5 are in class III or IV due to severe aortic valve insufficiency. Considering the pathoanatomic features and hemodynamic changes associated with ruptured aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva in Oriental patients, we advocate repairing the defect with a patch in all cases and stress the importance of active surgical management for aortic valve insufficiency at the initial surgical correction.