scholarly journals Family structure of the Kashirian nobility in the early 18th century (in comparison with lists of service men and scribal books of the second half of the 16th century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 397-406
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Chernikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The article is devoted to the study of changes in the patrimonial structure of the Kashira nobility in the second half of the 16th — beginning of the 18th century. As the analysis shows, the openness of Kashira district for Moscow nobility, the growth of landed property of the ruling elite and active land holdings mobilization didn’t prevent to strengthening of the positions of the "native" Kashira families. Kashirian nobles, who had risen to the Moscow ranks, could acquire estates in other district, but, nevertheless, retained strong ties with their «native» region. Even in the early 18th century two thirds of estates and serfs in Kashira district belonged to the families, which had property there already in the second half of the 16th century.

Bouvard's Boulevards: Beaux-Arts Planning in Istanbul

1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Çelik
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Western World ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
International Exposition ◽  
Imperial Capital ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Civic Center ◽  
Geographical Characteristics ◽  
Early 18Th Century

From the early 18th century on, the ruling elite of the Ottoman Empire equated European civilization with progress. Not only technological innovations, but also social, cultural, and aesthetic values of the Western World were warmly embraced. A renovation project prepared in 1902 for the imperial capital, Istanbul, reflected this attitude in the field of urban design and architecture. Its author was a prominent Beaux-Arts-trained Parisian architect, Joseph Antoine Bouvard. Bouvard's five large-sized watercolor drawings, now in the Istanbul University Library, depict his proposals for the Hippodrome, Beyazit Square, Valide Square, and the Galata Bridge. The Hippodrome is made a geometrically landscaped park; Beyazit Square is converted into a civic center; the new Valide Square duplicates the Trocadero scheme of the 1878 Paris International Exposition; and the design features of the 1900 Pont Alexandre III in Paris are adopted for the Galata Bridge. Largely disregarding the architectural heritage as well as the geographical characteristics of the capital, the architect proposed a major facelifting operation with the intention of turning Istanbul into the Paris of the East. Although the abstract nature of this project made its application impossible, the image, transmitted through Bouvard's masterful drawings, enjoyed a great deal of praise from Sultan Abdülhamit II and his entourage. This article analyzes Bouvard's avant-projet against the background of early-20th-century Istanbul's urban fabric.

scholarly journals From Puppets to Opera

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana De Moraes Marreco Orsini Brescia
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Theatre History ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
The City ◽  
Early 18Th Century

Although theatrical performances were being produced in Portuguese America since the 16th century, it was only in 1719 that the first permanent public theatre was established, offering puppet performances for locals and foreigners who visited the city of Rio de Janeiro. This paper analyses the foundation of the first permanent theatre of Brazil through primary sources and travellers’ journals. The contextualisation of the puppet theatrical activity in the early 18th-century Lisbon is also crucial to our understanding of the importance of this form of art, which figures as one of the most fascinating pages of Portuguese and Brazilian theatre history.

Yōga [洋画]

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Oil Painting ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Art Production ◽  
Pencil Drawing ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The term Yōga is used in Japan to refer to Western-style art. It is often used to specifically denote oil paintings but more widely can refer to a range of imported methods, such as watercolors, pencil drawing, etching and lithography. It is this concern with materials that has traditionally distinguished Yōga from Japanese methods of art production, rather than reference to Western pictorial devices such as fixed-point perspective. As a result of missions from Europe arriving in the 16th century, Japan’s earliest forays into Yōga were Christian paintings, at least until the religion was outlawed under the Tokugawa Shogunate, which also implemented a policy of national seclusion. But it lifted its ban on foreign books in the early 18th century, and a limited number of painters, notably Satake Shozan, Hiraga Gennai and Shiba Kōkan, turned their hand to oil painting. But the category of Yōga was not established until after the full-scale opening of Japan to the outside world in the mid-19th century. In 1856 the Shogun founded a bureau for research into Western studies, including art (the Bansho Shirabesho). One of its students, Takahashi Yuichi (1828–1894), later became a pioneer of Yōga.

scholarly journals Certain Military Features of the Siberian Tatar Warriors at the End of the 16th Century (Based on Materials Gathered by G. F. Miller)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Yuliy S. Khudyakov ◽  
Alisa Yu. Borisenko
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Famous Scientist ◽  
Previous Period

Purpose. This article considers and analyzes certain features of armament and military science of the Siberian Tatar warriors, that are related to the time of campaign into Siberia of the Russian Cossacks troop under the command of ataman Ermak; these features were mentioned and researched according to data of the Russian Siberian chronicle sources by famous scientist, historian of the 18th Century, academician Gerhard Friedrich Müller. Results. It is pointed out, that several parts of the Siberian Tatar ruling elite were familiar with firearm and artillery action, and even tried unsuccessful to use artillery pieces, gained during a previous period in Kazan, against the Cossacks in the course of hostilities. However, there were no skilled artillerists among Siberian Tatars who could fire off their artillery pieces. Quite possibly, effective possession of firearms and artillery ensured the definite military superiority to the Cossacks at the time of military clashes with Siberian Tatar warriors during all time of the Cossack troop campaign into Siberia, led by ataman Ermak. Bitter disagreements and struggle for power, among different groups of Siberian Tatar nobility weaken its confronting of the Cossack troop. Gerhard Friedrich Müller drew on varied informative data, contained in the Russian Siberian annalistic historical sources, where it is described how the campaign of the Cossack troop, led by famous ataman Ermak, via mountain range of the Urals into Western Siberia to the territory of the Tatar Khanate of Siberia. That campaign took place upon the initiative of wealthy merchant clan of the Stroganovs. Conclusion. Several historical events are traced, that are related to the time of this campaign. Several substantive historical reasons are identified, including above all the dissociation among the Siberian Tatar elites, that did not allow to successfully confront the Cossacks in the struggle for preservation of the Tatar Khanate of Siberia.

Excavations at Basing Grange, Basing House, Hampshire, 1999–2006

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-378
Author(s):  
David Allen ◽  
Briony A. Lalor ◽  
Ginny Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
Historical Society ◽  
Tobacco Pipes ◽  
House Site ◽  
Early 18Th Century

This report describes excavations at Basing Grange, Basing House, Hampshire, between 1999 and 2006. It embraces the 'Time Team' investigations in Grange Field, adjacent to the Great Barn, which were superseded and amplified by the work of the Basingstoke Archaeological & Historical Society, supervised by David Allen. This revealed the foundations of a 'hunting lodge' or mansion built in the 1670s and demolished, and effectively 'lost', in the mid-18th century. Beneath this residence were the remains of agricultural buildings, earlier than and contemporary with the nearby Great Barn, which were destroyed during the English Civil War. The report contains a detailed appraisal of the pottery, glass and clay tobacco pipes from the site and draws attention to the remarkable window leads that provide a clue to the mansion's date of construction. It also explores a probable link with what was taking place on the Basing House site in the late 17th and early 18th century.

Die Büste eines Afrikaners aus der Sammlung Piranesi in Stockholm

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Carmen Marcks
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century

A portrait bust of an African placed among the antiquities in the Royal Museum at Stockholm once belonged to the Roman artist Giovanni Battista Piranesi. It was brought to Sweden at the end of the 18th century at the instance of King Gustav III. The head is a work of the middle or second half of the 16th century. It belongs to a specific, local, Roman form of Mannerist portraits, which have in common a remarkable affinity to antique imperial portrait busts. While the head is an eclectic work combining an idealized countenance—a contemporary peculiarity of portrait art—with antique usages of portrayal, the bust itself seems to be a work that stands directly in the tradition of cinquecentesque Venetian busts. Obviously head and bust were not originally created as an ensemble.

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