Smooth muscle aortic alpha actin A2 (ACTA2) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Alpha Actin ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that smooth muscle aortic alpha actin A2, encoded by ACTA2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of ACTA2 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of smooth muscle aortic alpha actin A2 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

SERPINF1 is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/5cp7g ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Tumor Tissues ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the serpin family F member 1, encoded by SERPINF1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast. We observed significant down-regulation of SERPINF1 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of SERPINF1 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

Short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/egkx3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Short Stature ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that short stature homeobox 2, encoded by SHOX2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of SHOX2 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of short stature homeobox 2 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

WISP2 is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/emr45 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2, encoded by WISP2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of WISP2 in metastasis to the brain. Decreased expression of WISP2 in breast cancer cells has been described to promote invasive and stem-like characteristics (6, 7). Molecular functions and down-regulation of WISP2 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

Elastin is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/3uegy ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that elastin, encoded by ELN, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of ELN in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of elastin (6, 7), a molecule which confers elasticity to vertebrate tissues, may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain, and portends to loss of elasticity as a biophysical requirement for successful dissemination of metastasis in human breast cancer.

Secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/e7yc5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Secreted Protein ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich, encoded by SPARC, also known as osteonectin, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of SPARC in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich, a protein whose down-regulation appears to be critical for survival of ovarian cancer cells, may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

Spondin 1 (SPON1) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/gydx4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that spondin 1, encoded by SPON1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of SPON1 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of spondin 1 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

AE binding protein 1 (AEBP1) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/6ha5q ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that AE binding protein 1, encoded by AEBP1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of AEBP1 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of AE binding protein 1 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

Dihydropyrimidinase like 3 (DPYSL3) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/rks4g ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the dihydropyrimidinase like 3, encoded by DPYSL3, also known as CRMP4, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of DPYSL3 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of dihydropyrimidinase like 3 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

The prostaglandin E receptor 4 is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/rsdy6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Prostaglandin E ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the prostaglandin E receptor 4, encoded by PTGER4, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of PTGER4 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of PTGER4, described as a tumor suppressor in B-cells (6), may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

Gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist (GREM1) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/ey4r9 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Bmp Antagonist ◽

The Brain ◽

Gremlin 1

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that Gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist, encoded by GREM1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of GREM1 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of Gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.