scholarly journals PREDIKSI EROSI BERBAGAI POLA USAHA TALI DI DESA PALATTA KECAMATAN TAPANGO KABUPATEN POLEWALI MANDAR

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisar
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
The Village ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

This study aims to (1) Predicting the actual erosion and erosion determine which allowed the various patterns of farming in the village Palatta Tapango District of Polewali Mandar, (2) Formulate soil and water conservation measures on each pattern farm. This researh was conducted in the village of the District Palatta Tapango Polewali Mandar. Data collected through direct observation of the research object in the field. The method used in predicting the amount of erosion is common soil loss equation (USLE method). The result showed that the amount of erosion that accurs in six patterns of farming is 42.76 tons per hectare per year. Based sixth farming patterns were obtained magnitude of the rate erosion on any bentukpola,namely (1)Gamal, banan, jackfruit, durian, Grass 17.86 tonnes per hectare per year, (2) Brown, of falm, Rambutan, Gamal, Litter 10.08 tons per hectare per year, (3) Sengon, Banana, Mango, Chocholate, Coffe, Bushes 4.70 tonnes per hectare per year, (4) Brown, Pinus, Litter 4.20 tonnes per hectare per year, (5) of palm, Brown, jackfruit, banana,Gamal, Litter 3.61 tonnes per hectare per year, and (6) Langsat, Durian, Brown, grass 2,31 tons per hectare per year. The amount of erosion that occurs in various patterns of faming still exceeds the amount of erosion is allowed. To that end, the necessary efforts to reduce the rate of erosion of soil conservation practices and land uses that provide protection or land cover better.

scholarly journals Estimating soil erosion risk and evaluating erosion control measures for soil conservation planning at Koga watershed in the highlands of Ethiopia

Solid Earth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegegne Molla ◽  
Biniam Sisheber
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. Soil erosion is one of the major factors affecting sustainability of agricultural production in Ethiopia. The objective of this paper is to estimate soil erosion using the universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model and to evaluate soil conservation practices in a data-scarce watershed region. For this purpose, soil data, rainfall, erosion control practices, satellite images and topographic maps were collected to determine the RUSLE factors. In addition, measurements of randomly selected soil and water conservation structures were done at three sub-watersheds (Asanat, Debreyakob and Rim). This study was conducted in Koga watershed at upper part of the Blue Nile basin which is affected by high soil erosion rates. The area is characterized by undulating topography caused by intensive agricultural practices with poor soil conservation practices. The soil loss rates were determined and conservation strategies have been evaluated under different slope classes and land uses. The results showed that the watershed is affected by high soil erosion rates (on average 42 t ha−1 yr−1), greater than the maximum tolerable soil loss (18 t ha−1 yr−1). The highest soil loss (456 t ha−1 yr−1) estimated from the upper watershed occurred on cultivated lands of steep slopes. As a result, soil erosion is mainly aggravated by land-use conflicts and topographic factors and the rugged topographic land forms of the area. The study also demonstrated that the contribution of existing soil conservation structures to erosion control is very small due to incorrect design and poor management. About 35 % out of the existing structures can reduce soil loss significantly since they were constructed correctly. Most of the existing structures were demolished due to the sediment overload, vulnerability to livestock damage and intense rainfall. Therefore, appropriate and standardized soil and water conservation measures for different erosion-prone land uses and land forms need to be implemented in Koga watershed.

scholarly journals Review: Design norms for soil and water conservation structures in the sugar industry of South Africa

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Otim ◽  
Jeff Smithers ◽  
Aidan Senzanje ◽  
Rianto Van Antwerpen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
The South ◽  
Soil And Water

This paper contains a critical review of the norms employed in the design of soil and water conservation structures in the South African sugar industry and highlights research needs in order to update them. Sugarcane in South Africa is grown on wide-ranging soils, sometimes in non-ideal climates and on steep topographies where soils are vulnerable to erosion. A consequence of unsustainable soil loss is reduction in field production capacity. Sugarcane fields are protected against erosion through, inter alia, the use of engineered waterways, contour banks and spill-over roads. The South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI), previously known as the South African Sugar Experiment Station (SASEX), developed a nomograph to easily compute the maximum width of field panels based on soil type, tillage method, replant method, surface structures to control runoff, surface cover and slope. This was followed by guidelines and norms for the design of soil and water conservation structures. However, the nomograph was developed based on an acceptable soil loss of 20 t·ha−1·yr−1, yet soil formation rates in South Africa range between 0.25 and 0.38 t·ha−1·yr−1. Comparisons between design norms in the National Soil Conservation Manual and norms used in the sugar industry clearly show discrepancies that need to be investigated. The design of soil conservation structures includes the design of both contour bank spacing and hydraulic capacity. The sustainable soil loss method is recommended in the design of contour spacing and it determines contour spacing based on evaluation of site-specific sheet and rill erosion potential of the planned contour spacing while the hydraulic design employs Manning’s equation. Considering that increases in both design rainfall and design floods are anticipated in South Africa, it is necessary to incorporate these projections in the design of soil and water conservation structures. Many soil loss models exist, of which empirical models are the most robust and provide stable performances. The majority of empirical models are lumped models which estimate average annual soil loss. The Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) estimates event-based erosion and, given that the majority of soil erosion occurs during a few extreme events annually, the design norms should be updated using the MUSLE.

scholarly journals Impacts of Land Cover and Greenness Change on Soil Loss and Erosion Risk in Damota Area Districts, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mamush Masha ◽  
Teshome Yirgu ◽  
Mulugeta Debele
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Aster Gdem ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Soil And Water

Soil erosion is a key problem in Ethiopia in view of tropical climate, lack of vegetation, and landscape relief. Therefore, soil and water conservation (SWC) measures have been practiced, but their impacts on soil loss have not been estimated adequately. The RUSLE modeling was applied using satellite imageries, ASTER GDEM, rainfall, and soil data to estimate total annual soil loss for a 100 km2 hilly and highly populated area in Ethiopia. Soil loss decreased in the Damota districts from 21 to 13 million tons from 2000 to 2020. Similarly, the average annual soil loss decreased by 36%. Very slight-risk areas (< 5 t ha−1 yr−1) increased from 42.66 to 53.72%, and very high-risk areas (> 50 t ha−1 yr−1) decreased from 12 to 5%. Soil and water conservation measures showed an important implication against soil erosion through improved land cover and landscape greenness. However, still, the rate of soil erosion is high compared to the soil loss tolerance of 1–6 t ha−1 yr−1 for the Ethiopian highlands.

scholarly journals Capacidade de uso e aptidão agrícola das terras de propriedades rurais localizadas na bacia hidrográfica do Arroio Pelotas

ForScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e00873
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Akiyoshi Sanches Suzuki ◽  
William Roger da Silva Almeida ◽  
Rodrigo de Lima do Amaral ◽  
Mariana Fernandes Ramos ◽  
Moisés Ortemar Rehbein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Hydrographic Basin ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Effective Depth ◽  
Soil And Water

O uso intenso do solo e a não adoção de práticas conservacionistas resulta em sua degradação e impactos ao ambiente. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de uso e a aptidão agrícola das terras de algumas propriedades rurais da Bacia Hidrográfica do Arroio Pelotas, localizadas no município de Pelotas/RS, utilizando as metodologias propostas, respectivamente, por Lepsch et al. (1991) e Schneider, Giasson e Klamt (2007). Para isso, foram avaliadas três propriedades rurais com pastagem, uma com lavoura e cinco com pomares de pêssego de diferentes idades (0, 2, 6, 8 e 12 anos). A partir dos resultados levantados, verifica-se que as áreas apresentam limitações quanto a capacidade de uso e aptidão agrícola, especialmente relacionadas à pouca profundidade efetiva do solo e, aos riscos de erosão associados à declividade e à textura média na camada superficial do solo. Apesar das limitações quanto ao uso destas áreas, a pastagem e a fruticultura são usos menos intensos de exploração do solo do que as culturas anuais, contudo, ainda se tornam necessárias a implementação de novas práticas conservacionistas do solo e da água ou manutenção daquelas já utilizadas. Palavras-chave: Degradação do solo. Práticas conservacionistas do solo. Limitações de uso das terras.   Capacity of use and agricultural aptitude of land of rural properties located in the Pelotas River hydrographic basin Abstract The intense use of the soil and the failure to adopt conservationist practices, leads to its degradation and impacts on the environment. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the capacity of use and the agricultural aptitude of the lands of some rural properties of the Hydrographic Basin of Arroio Pelotas, located in the municipality of Pelotas/RS, using the methodologies proposed, respectively, by Lepsch et al. (1991) and Schneider, Giasson e Klamt (2007). For this, were evaluated three rural properties with pasture, one with annual crops and five with peach orchards of different ages (0, 2, 6, 8 and 12 years). From the results obtained, the areas have limitations in terms of their use capacity and agricultural aptitude, especially related to the little effective depth of the soil and the risks of erosion associated with the slope and the medium texture in the superficial layer of the soil. Despite the limitations on the use of these areas, pasture and orchards are less intense uses of soil than annual crops, however, it is still necessary to implement new soil and water conservation practices or maintain those already used. Keywords: Soil degradation. Soil conservation practices. Landuse limitations.

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