scholarly journals When words speak louder than actions: delusion, belief and the power of assertion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rose ◽  
Wesley Buckwalter ◽  
John Turri
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Folk Psychology ◽  
Functional Profile ◽  
Belief Ascription ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Verbal Behaviour ◽  
Popular View ◽  
The Way

People suffering from severe monothematic delusions, such as Capgras, Fregoli, or Cotard patients, regularly assert extraordinary and unlikely things. For example, some say that their loved ones have been replaced by impostors. A popular view in philosophy and cognitive science is that such monothematic delusions aren't beliefs because they don't guide behaviour and affect in the way that beliefs do. Or, if they are beliefs, they are somehow anomalous, atypical, or marginal beliefs. We present evidence from five studies that folk psychology unambiguously views monothematic delusions as stereotypical beliefs. This calls into question widespread assumptions in the professional literature about belief's stereotypical functional profile. We also show that folk psychology views delusional patients as holding contradictory beliefs. And we show that frequent assertion is a powerful cue to belief ascription, more powerful than even a robust and consistent track record of non-verbal behaviour.

Minds, Machines, and Giving a Damn

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Chodat
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Walker Percy ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Partial Success ◽  
The Way

The 1960s saw the triumph of cognitive science over behaviorism. This chapter examines three literary–philosophical objections to this shift: “West Coast” phenomenology, Richard Powers’s Galatea 2.2, and the writings of Walker Percy, the first of the postwar sages featured in this book. For “West Coast” philosophers, cognitive science ignores the way human action is structured by what we “give a damn” about—a sense of significance that orients our actions. Powers’s novel goes a step further: no more than machines do we know what to give a damn about. Percy’s essays and fiction challenge both these positions, asking us to see analogies between the significance we find in language and the significance we find in living a Christian life. Establishing such an analogy is the goal of Percy’s 1971 Love in the Ruins, which seeks to embody—with only partial success—what terms such as “faith” and “community” might mean.

From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science: The Case against Belief.

1985 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
Patricia Smith Churchland ◽  
Stephen P. Stich
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Folk Psychology

scholarly journals How Efficiency Shapes Human Language, TICS 2019

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Gibson ◽  
Richard Futrell ◽  
Steven T. Piantadosi ◽  
Isabelle Dautriche ◽  
Kyle Mahowald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Language Research ◽  
The Way

Cognitive science applies diverse tools and perspectives to study human language. Recently, an exciting body of work has examined linguistic phenomena through the lens of efficiency in usage: what otherwise puzzling features of language find explanation in formal accounts of how language might be optimized for communication and learning? Here, we review studies that deploy formal tools from probability and information theory to understand how and why language works the way that it does, focusing on phenomena ranging from the lexicon through syntax. These studies show how apervasive pressure for efficiency guides the forms of natural language and indicate that a rich future for language research lies in connecting linguistics to cognitive psychology and mathematical theories of communication and inference.

scholarly journals Movement Variability and the Use of Nonlinear Tools: Principles to Guide Physical Therapist Practice

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina T Harbourne ◽  
Nicholas Stergiou
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Way

Fields studying movement generation, including robotics, psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience, utilize concepts and tools related to the pervasiveness of variability in biological systems. The concepts of variability and complexity and the nonlinear tools used to measure these concepts open new vistas for physical therapist practice and research in movement dysfunction of all types. Because mounting evidence supports the necessity of variability for health and functional movement, this perspective article argues for changes in the way therapists view variability, both in theory and in action. By providing clinical examples, as well as applying existing knowledge about complex systems, the aim of this article is to create a springboard for new directions in physical therapist research and practice.

Positing Nonconceptual Representations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Neander
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Young Woman ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Visual Targets ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Way

In the second chapter, the author describes some research by cognitive scientists, who posit nonconceptual representations to explain certain perceptual capacities (and incapacities). This research and the way in which it is reported illustrate the type of theoretical work done by an error-permitting notion of nonconceptual representation, alongside a malfunction-permitting notion of function. One set of studies (led by McCloskey) that is described in some detail focuses on an unusual deficit in locating visual targets (in a young woman, AH), which were intended to contribute to understanding normal human vision. The author makes clear why the contents ascribed to the underlying representational states, where the errors first occur, are referential-intentional contents, not merely (natural-factive) informational contents, and why their ascriptions count as intensional, according to standard criteria. Toward the end of the chapter, the author reminds readers of a familiar conundrum: if a representation’s having content is not causally potent in a psychological process, why is it (still) a central tenet of mainstream cognitive science that such a process should be understood as representational?

Cognitive Science of Tourism Experiences

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Noel Scott ◽  
Ana Claudia Campos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Behavioural Approach ◽  
Tourism Experience ◽  
Emotion Memory ◽  
The Way

While other disciplinary approaches such as sociology and anthropology are important, this chapter introduces a cognitivist psychology approach to experience research. Such theoretical discussion may seem of little practical use, but the chapter argues that it is fundamental to understanding how and why experiences are created. The chapter applies theory and concepts from cognitive science (cognitive psychology and neuroscience) in the study of tourism experiences. This provides a different psychological paradigm to the behavioural approach currently in use in much research. The chapter describes the scope of cognitive psychology and neuroscience, its main concepts of cognitive psychology (perception, attention, emotion, memory, consciousness, learning), and their neuronal basis (neuroscience). These concepts are then applied in three topic areas related to tourism experiences: decision making, emotion, and attention. Several applications to tourism experience research are noted. Finally, the chapter discusses the way cognitive psychology concepts can be used in tourism research.

COGNITIVE SCIENCE: Rethinking Folk Psychology

Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 320 (5876) ◽  
pp. 615-615
Author(s):  
E. Myin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Folk Psychology

Nature's subtlety undermines the empirical relevance of both dynamical and computational hypotheses

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-647
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Mulhauser
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The Way

Technical hitches mar van Gelder's proposed map of the conceptual landscape, particularly with respect to descriptive levels and the trio of instantiation, realisation, and implementation. However, for all the formal quibbles, van Gelder is onto something important; the tension he notes between computationalism and a dynamical alternative threatens to transform the way we conduct cognitive science research.

scholarly journals Metaphor and elaboration in context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Thibodeau ◽  
Stephen Flusberg
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
The Way

This chapter considers how metaphors contribute to the way that meaning is constructed from language in context, drawing from classic work in cognitive science on schemas, frames, and story scripts.

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