scholarly journals The Influence of Gain-Loss Framing and Its Interaction with Political Ideology on Social Distancing and Mask Wearing Compliance During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Steffen ◽  
Jiuqing Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Loss Framing ◽  
Gain Loss Framing

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused millions of cases and over half a million deaths in the United States. While health experts urge citizens to adopt preventative measures such as social distancing and wearing a mask, these recommended behaviors are not always followed by the public. To find a way to promote preventative measures, the present study examined the role of gain-loss framing of COVID-19 related messages on social distancing and mask wearing compliance. Moreover, the study also tested potential moderating effects on framing with three individual characteristics: political ideology, subjective numeracy, and risk attitude. A sample of 375 U.S. adult residents were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Each participant read either a gain or loss-framed message related to practicing protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants also completed scales of preventative behaviors, risk attitude, subjective numeracy, political ideology, and other demographic variables. It was found that those who were more liberal, risk-averse and had greater subjective numeracy were more likely to wear a mask and/or follow social distancing. Furthermore, in the presence of demographic and psychological factors, the study found participants in the loss-framed condition than in the gain-framed condition were more likely to adopt both preventative measures, supporting the notion of loss aversion. Additionally, the framing effect was also moderated by political ideology on mask-wearing, with the effect being stronger in liberals than in conservatives. Collectively, the study implies message framing may be a useful means to promote preventative measures in the current pandemic.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in Social Distancing and Mask-Wearing in the Pandemic of COVID-19: The Role of Need for Cognition, Self-control, and Risk Attitude

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Xu ◽  
Jiuqing Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Epidemiological Information

In the United States, while the number of COVID-19 cases continue to increase, the practice of social distancing and mask-wearing have been controversial and even politicized. The present study examined the role of psychological traits in social distancing compliance and mask-wearing behavior and attitude. A sample of 233 U.S. adult residents were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants completed scales of social distancing compliance, mask-wearing behavior and attitude, need for cognition, self-control, risk attitude, and political ideology. Epidemiological information (seven-day positive rate and the number of cases per 100,000) was obtained based on the state participants resided in. As a result, epidemiological information did not correlate with protective behaviors. Political ideology, on the other hand, was a significant factor, with a more liberal tendency being associated with greater engagement in social distancing compliance and mask-wearing behavior an attitude. Importantly, those who were more risk averse, or had a higher level of self-control or need for cognition practiced more social distancing and mask-wearing, after controlling for demographics, epidemiological information, and political ideology. For mask-wearing behavior, political ideology interacted with both need for cognition and self-control. Collectively, the study revealed the psychological roots of individual differences in social distancing and mask-wearing compliance.

scholarly journals Functional connectivity with distinct neural networks tracks fluctuations in gain/loss framing susceptibility

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 2743-2755 ◽  
Author(s):  
David V. Smith ◽  
Kamila E. Sip ◽  
Mauricio R. Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Loss Framing ◽  
Gain Loss Framing

A matching law analysis of risk tolerance and gain–loss framing in football play selection.

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Critchfield ◽  
Stephanie T. Stilling
Keyword(s):  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Matching Law ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Loss Framing ◽  
Gain Loss Framing

scholarly journals COVID-19 Prevention Beliefs and Practices in College Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlyn Cassimatis ◽  
Liga Kreitner ◽  
Abdoulie Njai ◽  
Emily Leary ◽  
Aaron Gray
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Latino Students ◽  
Hispanic Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Prevention Guidelines

ABSTRACTBackgroundAs college students in the United States return to university campuses, it is important to understand their beliefs and practices on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention.PurposeTo assess beliefs and practices regarding COVID-19 prevention among college students in the United StatesMethodsAn online, self-administered survey was developed that collected information on COVID-19 preventative practice and beliefs. Survey responses were collected between July 13, 2020 and July 31, 2020.ResultsA total of 4,834 college students participated in the survey with a response rate of 22.9%. Compared to males, more female college students practiced COVID-19 preventative measures, including always wearing masks or face coverings in public (52% vs. 44%, p<0.001) and always or often observing social distancing (70% vs. 63%, p<0.001). In contrast to students from larger population areas, fewer college students from rural areas reported practicing prevention measures, such as always wearing a mask (24% rural v. 45% towns vs. 55% cities, p<0.001) and always social distancing (20% rural vs. 21% towns vs. 29% cities, p<0.001). Additionally, more students from rural areas have become much less worried about personally contracting COVID-19 over the last 3 months when compared to students from towns and cities (21% vs. 16% vs. 11%, p<0.001). Fewer white college students compared to other racial groups thought it was very important to wear masks (55% white vs. 76% Black vs. 82% Asian vs. 63% American Indian or Alaskan native (AIAN) & Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI), p<0.001) and very important to practice social distancing (29% white vs. 50% Black vs. 53% Asian vs. 36% AIAN/NHOPI, p <0.001). Compared to Non-Hispanic students, more Hispanic students thought it was very important to practice preventative measures, including wearing a mask (71% vs. 58%, p<0.001), social distancing (37% vs. 32%, p=0.017), and good hand hygiene (77% vs. 67%, p=0.013).ConclusionCOVID-19 prevention beliefs and practices differ between sexes, the size of town one lives, race, and ethnicity. In general, female students followed Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) COVID-19 prevention guidelines more closely than male students. Students who reside in areas of larger populations have more strict COVID-19 prevention beliefs and practices than students from areas with smaller populations. Asian and Black/African American students adhered closer to CDC COVID-19 prevention guidelines and had stronger beliefs for infection prevention measures than white or AIAN/NHOPI students. Hispanic/Latino students were more stringent in COVID-19 prevention beliefs and practices than non-Hispanic/Latino students.

scholarly journals Gain-loss framing enhances mnemonic discrimination in preschoolers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Ngo ◽  
Nora Newcombe ◽  
Ingrid R. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Loss Frame ◽  
Gain Frame ◽  
Loss Framing ◽  
Gain Loss Framing

Episodic memory relies on discriminating among similar elements of episodes. Mnemonic discrimination is relatively poor at age 4, and then improves markedly. We investigated whether motivation to encode items with fine grain resolution would change this picture of development, using an engaging computer-administered memory task in which a bird ate items that made the bird healthier (gain frame), sicker (loss frame), or led to no change (control condition). Using gain-loss framing led to enhanced mnemonic discrimination in 4- and 5-year-olds, but did not affect older children or adults. Despite this differential improvement, age-related differences persisted. An additional finding was that loss framing led to greater mnemonic discrimination than gain framing across age groups. Motivation only partially accounts for development in mnemonic discrimination.

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