scholarly journals Practice and experience predict coarticulation in child speech

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Cychosz ◽  
Benjamin Munson ◽  
jan edwards
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Word Duration ◽  
Child Speech ◽  
Adjacent Segments ◽  
Adult Word Count

Much research in child speech development suggests that young children coarticulate more than adults. There are multiple, not mutually-exclusive, explanations for this pattern. For example, children may coarticulate more because they are limited by immature motor control. Or they may coarticulate more if they initially represent phonological segments in larger, more holistic units such as syllables or feet. We tested the importance of several different explanations for coarticulation in child speech by evaluating how four-year-olds' language experience, speech practice, and speech planning predicted their coarticulation between adjacent segments in real words and paired nonwords. Children with larger vocabularies coarticulated less, especially in real words, though there were no reliable coarticulatory differences between real words and nonwords after controlling for word duration. Children who vocalized more throughout a daylong audio recording also coarticulated less. Quantity of child vocalizations was more predictive of the degree of children's coarticulation than a measure of receptive language experience, adult word count. Overall, these results suggest strong roles for children's phonological representations and speech practice, as well as their immature fine motor control, for coarticulatory development.

scholarly journals Auditory feedback experience in phonetic development: Evidence from preschoolers with cochlear implants and their normal-hearing peers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Cychosz ◽  
Benjamin Munson ◽  
Rochelle Newman ◽  
jan edwards
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Auditory Experience

Previous work has found that preschoolers with greater phonological awareness and larger lexicons, who vocalize more throughout the day, exhibit less intra-syllabic coarticulation in controlled speech production tasks. These findings suggest that both linguistic experience and speech motor control are important predictors of spoken phonetic development. Still, it remains unclear how preschoolers' speech practice during vocalizations drives the development of coarticulation because children who vocalize more are likely to have both increased fine motor control and increased auditory feedback experience. Here, the potential effect of auditory feedback is studied by examining a population---children with cochlear implants---naturally differing in auditory experience. Results show that (1) developmentally-appropriate coarticulation improves with increased hearing age, but not chronological age, (2) children with cochlear implants pattern coarticulatorily closer to their younger, hearing age-matched peers than chronological age-matched peers, and (3) the effects of vocalization practice on coarticulation only appear in the children with cochlear implants after several years of hearing experience. Together, these results indicate a strong role of auditory feedback experience upon coarticulation and suggest that parent-child communicative exchanges could stimulate children's own vocal output driving speech development.

Associations Between Manual Dexterity and Language Ability in School-Age Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 982-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Obeid ◽  
Patricia J. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Nonword Repetition ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Nonverbal Intelligence ◽  
Fine Motor Control ◽  
Visual Spatial

Purpose We aimed to determine whether individual differences in manual dexterity are associated with specific language skills (nonword repetition, receptive vocabulary, and receptive grammar) after controlling for nonverbal abilities (visual–spatial working memory and intelligence). Method We assessed manual dexterity using the pegboard task and examined relationships with verbal and nonverbal abilities in a diverse community sample of children ( N = 63, mean age = 8;2 [year;months], range: 6;0–10;8) varying in language ability (Comprehensive Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fourth Edition core language score M = 105, range: 62–126; Semel, Wiig, & Secord, 2003). Results Correlational analyses indicated significant relationships between manual dexterity and performance on tests of nonword repetition, receptive vocabulary, receptive grammar, and nonverbal intelligence, after controlling for multiple comparisons. In regression analyses, manual dexterity remained a significant predictor of nonword repetition after controlling for nonverbal abilities and age. In contrast, manual dexterity was no longer significant in predicting receptive vocabulary or grammar when nonverbal intelligence was included as a factor in the model. Conclusions These findings build on prior work implicating poor fine motor control in child language disorders by identifying a robust relationship between manual dexterity and nonword repetition. Relationships between manual dexterity and receptive language abilities appear to be indirect and mediated by nonword repetition. For clinicians, the results underscore the importance of screening children with poor fine motor control for concomitant language impairments.

Physiologic Studies Provide New Perspectives on Early Speech Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Erin M. Wilson ◽  
Ignatius S. B. Nip
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Facial Motion ◽  
Disordered Speech ◽  
Speech Motor ◽  
Physiologic Data

Abstract Although certain speech development milestones are readily observable, the developmental course of speech motor control is largely unknown. However, recent advances in facial motion tracking systems have been used to investigate articulator movements in children and the findings from these studies are being used to further our understanding of the physiologic basis of typical and disordered speech development. Physiologic work has revealed that the emergence of speech is highly dependent on the lack of flexibility in the early oromotor system. It also has been determined that the progression of speech motor development is non-linear, a finding that has motivated researchers to investigate how variables such as oromotor control, cognition, and linguistic factors affect speech development in the form of catalysts and constraints. Physiologic data are also being used to determine if non-speech oromotor behaviors play a role in the development of speech. This improved understanding of the physiology underlying speech, as well as the factors influencing its progression, helps inform our understanding of speech motor control in children with disordered speech and provide a framework for theory-driven therapeutic approaches to treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Child–Computer Interaction Using Fitts’ Law: A Comparison between a Standard Computer Mouse and a Head Mouse

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3826
Author(s):  
Cristina Sanchez ◽  
Vanina Costa ◽  
Rodrigo Garcia-Carmona ◽  
Eloy Urendes ◽  
Javier Tejedor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Input Devices ◽  
Fitts Law ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Computer Interaction

This study evaluates and compares the suitability for child–computer interaction (CCI, the branch within human–computer interaction focused on interactive computer systems for children) of two devices: a standard computer mouse and the ENLAZA interface, a head mouse that measures the user’s head posture using an inertial sensor. A multidirectional pointing task was used to assess the motor performance and the users’ ability to learn such a task. The evaluation was based on the interpretation of the metrics derived from Fitts’ law. Ten children aged between 6 and 8 participated in this study. Participants performed a series of pre- and post-training tests for both input devices. After the experiments, data were analyzed and statistically compared. The results show that Fitts’ law can be used to detect changes in the learning process and assess the level of psychomotor development (by comparing the performance of adults and children). In addition, meaningful differences between the fine motor control (hand) and the gross motor control (head) were found by comparing the results of the interaction using the two devices. These findings suggest that Fitts’ law metrics offer a reliable and objective way of measuring the progress of physical training or therapy.

scholarly journals Circle drawing and tracing dataset for evaluation of fine motor control

Data in Brief ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 106763
Author(s):  
Eros Quarta ◽  
Riccardo Bravi ◽  
Diego Minciacchi ◽  
Erez James Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Control ◽  
Circle Drawing

Hand fine motor control in classic galactosemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica MacWilliams ◽  
Sneh Patel ◽  
Grace Carlock ◽  
Sarah Vest ◽  
Nancy L. Potter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Control ◽  
Classic Galactosemia

Developmental Trends in Letter-Printing Skill

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Stennett ◽  
P. C. Smythe ◽  
Madeline Hardy ◽  
H. R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Fine Motor Control ◽  
Developmental Trends ◽  
Factor Pattern ◽  
Lower Case ◽  
Grade 3

Tests of kindergarten to Grade 3 students' ability to copy upper- and lower-case primary print letters showed that lower-case letters are more difficult to print. Within upper- and lower-case formats, the letters vary considerably in difficulty as a function of their composition and/or the degree of fine motor control required. Factor analyses, based upon separate intercorrelations for upper- and lower-case letters, produced 7 factors for each type of letter. Although some of the factors tended to contain letters with similar characteristics, no obvious rationale explaining the factor pattern could be developed.

The relationship between executive function and fine motor control in young and older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Corti ◽  
Andrew R. Johnson ◽  
Hayley Riddle ◽  
Natalie Gasson ◽  
Robert Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Control ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Creation of the WHO Indicators of Infant and Young Child Development (IYCD): metadata synthesis across 10 countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. e000747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian A Lancaster ◽  
Gareth McCray ◽  
Patricia Kariger ◽  
Tarun Dua ◽  
Andrew Titman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Common Scale

BackgroundRenewed global commitment to the improvement of early child development outcomes, as evidenced by the focus of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4, highlights an increased need for reliable and valid measures to evaluate preventive and interventional efforts designed to affect change. Our objective was to create a new tool, applicable across multicultures, to measure development from 0 to 3 years through metadata synthesis.MethodsFourteen cross-sectional data sets were contributed on 21 083 children from 10 low/middle-income countries (LMIC), assessed using seven different tools (caregiver reported or directly assessed). Item groups, measuring similar developmental skills, were identified by item mapping across tools. Logistic regression curves displayed developmental trajectories for item groups across countries and age. Following expert consensus to identify well-performing items across developmental domains, a second mapping exercise was conducted to fill any gaps across the age range. The first version of the tool was constructed. Item response analysis validated our approach by putting all data sets onto a common scale.Results789 individual items were identified across tools in the first mapping and 129 item groups selected for analysis. 70 item groups were then selected through consensus, based on statistical performance and perceived importance, with a further 50 items identified at second mapping. A tool comprising 120 items (23 fine motor, 23 gross motor, 20 receptive language, 24 expressive language, 30 socioemotional) was created. The linked data sets on a common scale showed a curvilinear trajectory of child development, highlighting the validity of our approach through excellent coverage by age and consistency of measurement across contributed tools, a novel finding in itself.ConclusionsWe have created the first version of a prototype tool for measuring children in the early years, developed using novel easy to apply methodology; now it needs to be feasibility tested and piloted across several LMICs.

scholarly journals A Gamified Approach for Hand Rehabilitation Device

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Carneiro ◽  
Rafael Tavares ◽  
José Rodrigues ◽  
Paulo Abreu ◽  
Maria Teresa Restivo
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Control ◽  
Hand Rehabilitation ◽  
Made In

<p class="0abstract">This work details developments made in a system for hand rehabilitation, that aims to improve recovery of fine motor control, mostly for those recovering from stroke. The system consists of an instrumented device that is used to interact with a variety of games designed to improve fine motor control, enhancing rehabilitation practices. These games were tested with actual disabled individuals and therapists, having received overall positive feedback.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document