scholarly journals Zero-shot search termination reveals a dissociation between implicit and explicit metacognitive knowledge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matan Mazor ◽  
Stephen M Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Target Item ◽  
Metacognitive Knowledge ◽  
Counterfactual Reasoning ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Search Termination ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Task Experience

In order to infer that a target item is missing from a display, subjects must know that they would have detected it if it was present. This form of counterfactual reasoning critically relies on metacognitive knowledge about spatial attention and visual search behaviour. Previous work on visual search established that this knowledge is constructed and expanded based on task experience. Here we show that some metacognitive knowledge is also available to participants in the first few trials of the task, and that this knowledge can be used to guide decisions about search termination even if it is not available for explicit report.

scholarly journals Visual search behaviour in young cyclists: A naturalistic experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell N. van Paridon ◽  
Harrison K. Leivers ◽  
Paul J. Robertson ◽  
Matthew A. Timmis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Behaviour

scholarly journals Object-Feature Binding Survives Dynamic Shifts of Spatial Attention

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Wu Dowd ◽  
Julie D. Golomb
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Target Item ◽  
Object Perception ◽  
Feature Binding ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Total N ◽  
Object Feature ◽  
Single Focus

Visual object perception requires integration of multiple features; spatial attention is thought to be critical to this binding. But attention is rarely static—how does dynamic attention impact object integrity? Here, we manipulated covert spatial attention and had participants (total N = 48) reproduce multiple properties (color, orientation, location) of a target item. Object-feature binding was assessed by applying probabilistic models to the joint distribution of feature errors: Feature reports for the same object could be correlated (and thus bound together) or independent. We found that splitting attention across multiple locations degrades object integrity, whereas rapid shifts of spatial attention maintain bound objects. Moreover, we document a novel attentional phenomenon, wherein participants exhibit unintentional fluctuations— lapses of spatial attention—yet nevertheless preserve object integrity at the wrong location. These findings emphasize the importance of a single focus of spatial attention for object-feature binding, even when that focus is dynamically moving across the visual field.

Selective impairment of spatial attention during visual search in Alzheimerʼs disease

Neuroreport ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 1861-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Parasuraman ◽  
Pamela M. Greenwood ◽  
Gene E. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Selective Impairment

Attention-Related Modulation of Sensory-Evoked Brain Activity in a Visual Search Task

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Luck ◽  
Silu Fan ◽  
Steven A. Hillyard
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Target Item ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Distractor Item ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Latency Range ◽  
Feature Conjunction ◽  
Sensory Evoked

When subjects are explicitly cued to focus attention on a particular location in visual space, targets presented at that location have been shown to elicit enhanced sensory-evoked activity in recordings of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). The present study sought to determine if this type of sensory facilitation also occurs during visual search tasks in which a feature conjunction target must be identified, presumably by means of focal attention, within an array of distractor items. In this experiment, subjects were required to discriminate the shape of a distinctively colored target item within an array containing 15 distractor items, and ERPs were elicited by task-irrelevant probe stimuli that were presented at the location of the target item or at the location of a distractor item on the opposite side of the array. When the delay between search-array onset and probe onset was 250 msec, the sensory-evoked responses in the latency range 75-200 msec were larger for probes presented at the location of the target than for probes presented at the location of the irrelevant distractor. These results indicate that sensory processing is modulated in a spatially restricted manner during visual search, and that focusing attention on a feature conjunction target engages neural systems that are shared with other forms of visual-spatial attention.

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