scholarly journals Prior expectation of objects in space is dependent on the direction of gaze

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Odegaard ◽  
Ulrik Beierholm ◽  
Jason Carpenter ◽  
ladan shams
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Localization Task ◽  
Fixation Position ◽  
Prior Expectation ◽  
Sensory Encoding

Many studies of multisensory spatial localization have shown that observers' responses are well-characterized by Bayesian inference, as localization judgments are influenced not only by the reliability of sensory encoding, but expectations about where things occur in space. Here, we investigate the frame of reference for the prior expectation of objects in space. Using an audiovisual localization task, we systematically manipulate fixation position and evaluate whether this prior is encoded in an eye-centered, head-centered, or hybrid frame of reference. Results show that in a majority of participants, this prior is encoded in an eye-centered frame of reference.

scholarly journals Learning and optimal inference in a novel spatial localization task

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 746-746
Author(s):  
V. R. Bejjanki ◽  
D. C. Knill ◽  
R. N. Aslin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Localization Task

scholarly journals First-order transition in a model of prestige bias

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
Simple Mathematical Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Prior Expectation ◽  
First Order Transition ◽  
The Prestige ◽  
The Way

One of the major benefits of belonging to a prestigious group is that it affects the way you are viewed by others. Here I use a simple mathematical model to explore the implications of this ``prestige bias'' when candidates undergo repeated rounds of evaluation. In the model, candidates who are evaluated most highly are admitted to a ``prestige class'', and their membership biases future rounds of evaluation in their favor. I use the language of Bayesian inference to describe this bias, and show that it can lead to a runaway effect in which the weight given to the prior expectation associated with a candidate's class becomes stronger with each round. Most dramatically, the strength of the prestige bias after many rounds undergoes a first-order transition as a function of the precision of the examination on which the evaluation is based.

scholarly journals Learning and inference using complex generative models in a spatial localization task

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikranth R. Bejjanki ◽  
David C. Knill ◽  
Richard N. Aslin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Localization Task

scholarly journals Induction of Kanizsa contours requires awareness of the inducing context

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Banica ◽  
Dietrich Samuel Schwarzkopf
Keyword(s):  
Human Visual System ◽  
Illusory Contour ◽  
Visual Masking ◽  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Localization Task ◽  
Illusory Contours ◽  
Perceptual Integration ◽  
Complex Scenes ◽  
Recurrent Process ◽  
Rule Out

AbstractIt remains unknown to what extent the human visual system interprets information about complex scenes without conscious analysis. Here we used visual masking techniques to assess whether illusory contours (Kanizsa shapes) are perceived when the inducing context creating this illusion does not reach awareness. In the first experiment we tested perception directly by having participants discriminate the orientation of an illusory contour. In the second experiment, we exploited the fact that the presence of an illusory contour enhances performance on a spatial localization task. Moreover, in the latter experiment we also used a different masking method to rule out the effect of stimulus duration. Our results suggest that participants do not perceive illusory contours when they are unaware of the inducing context. This is consistent with theories of a multistage, recurrent process of perceptual integration. Our findings thus challenge some reports, including those from neurophysiological experiments in anaesthetized animals. Furthermore, we discuss the importance to test the presence of the phenomenal percept directly with appropriate methods.

scholarly journals Bayesian transfer in a complex spatial localization task

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reneta K. Kiryakova ◽  
Stacey Aston ◽  
Ulrik R. Beierholm ◽  
Marko Nardini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Localization Task

Effects of head orientation and lateral body tilt on egocentric coding: Cognitive and sensory-motor accuracy

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
J.-M. Prieur ◽  
C. Bourdin ◽  
F. Sarès ◽  
J.-L. Vercher
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Localization Task ◽  
Egocentric Frame ◽  
Gravitational Vector ◽  
Axis Rotation

A major issue in motor control studies is to determine whether and how we use spatial frames of reference to organize our spatially oriented behaviors. In previous experiments [2,16] we showed that simulated body tilt during off-axis rotation affected the performance in verbal localization and manual pointing tasks. It was hypothesized that the observed alterations were at least partly due to a change in the orientation of the egocentric frame of reference, which was indeed centered on the body but aligned with the gravitational vector. The present experiments were designed to test this hypothesis in a situation where no inertial constraints (except the usual gravitational one) exist and where the orientation of the body longitudinal z-axis was not aligned with the direction of the gravity. Eleven subjects were exposed to real static body tilt and were required to verbally localize (experiment 1) and to point as accurately as possible towards (experiment 2) memorized visual targets, in two conditions, Head-Free and Head-Fixed conditions. Results show that the performance was only affected by real body tilt in the localization task performed when the subject's head was tilted relative to the body. Thus, dissociation between gravity and body longitudinal z-axis alone is not responsible for localization nor for pointing errors. Therefore, the egocentric frame of reference seems independent from the orientation of the gravity with regard to body z-axis as expected from our previous studies. Moreover, the use of spatial referentials appears to be less mandatory than expected for pointing movements (motor task) than for localization task (cognitive task).

Effect of defining features on inhibition in a spatial localization task.

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Simone ◽  
Elizabeth A. Carlisle ◽  
Eileen B. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Localization Task
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