scholarly journals Psychophysical measures of tonotopic selectivity in cats and humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Carlyon ◽  
John C. Middlebrooks ◽  
Matthew L. Richardson ◽  
Robin Gransier ◽  
François Guérit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Auditory Prosthesis ◽  
Auditory Filter ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Spread Of Excitation ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Electrophysiological Methods

Sound spectra are represented by patterns of activity along the tonotopic axis ofthe cochlea. Cochlear implants can transmit spectra by stimulating tonotopicallyappropriate electrodes, but fidelity is limited by intracochlear spread of excitation. We aim to better evaluate present-day experimental stimulation procedures and, potentially, to improve transmission of spectra with novel stimulation modalities. As a first step, we are developing non-invasive measures of tonotopic spread of excitation that can be compared between normal-hearing cats and humans. These measures include psychophysics in the present study and scalp-recorded electrophysiology in a companion study (Guérit et al., 2021). Cats and humans detected pure-tone probes presented in continuous 1/8- and 1-oct noise-band maskers. Masker bandwidths were readily discernable in both species by the dependence of masked thresholds on probe frequencies. Thresholds were largely constant across the bandwidth of the 1-oct masker, whereas thresholds dropped markedly at frequencies away from the center of the 1/8-oct masker. Cats and humans differed in that the feline auditory filter centered on 8 kHz, which we measured using a notched-noise procedure, was 22% wider than published values for humans at the same center frequency. Also, thresholds for the cats in the 1-octmasker condition consistently were 1.0 to 3.2 dB higher than expected based on the estimated masker power in the feline auditory filter. The present psychophysical results parallel those in our companion electrophysiological study, thereby providing perceptual validation for that study. These psychophysical and electrophysiological methods will be valuable for future investigations of novel approaches for auditory prosthesis.

Spread of Excitation (SoE) — A Non-Invasive Assessment of Cochlear Implant Electrode Placement

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 479-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Walkowiak ◽  
Bozena Kostek ◽  
Artur Lorens ◽  
Anita Obrycka ◽  
Arkadiusz Wasowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Spread Of Excitation

scholarly journals Evidence of activation of vagal afferents by non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation: An electrophysiological study in healthy volunteers

Cephalalgia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (13) ◽  
pp. 1285-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Nonis ◽  
Kevin D’Ostilio ◽  
Jean Schoenen ◽  
Delphine Magis
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Bipolar Electrode ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Vagal Afferent

Background Benefits of cervical non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) devices have been shown in episodic cluster headache and preliminarily suggested in migraine, but direct evidence of vagus nerve activation using such devices is lacking. Vagal somatosensory evoked potentials (vSEPs) associated with vagal afferent activation have been reported for invasive vagus nerve stimulation (iVNS) and non-invasive auricular vagal stimulation. Here, we aimed to show and characterise vSEPs for cervical nVNS. Methods vSEPs were recorded for 12 healthy volunteers who received nVNS over the cervical vagus nerve, bipolar electrode/DS7A stimulation over the inner tragus, and nVNS over the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. We measured peak-to-peak amplitudes (P1-N1), wave latencies, and N1 area under the curve. Results P1-N1 vSEPs were observed for cervical nVNS (11/12) and auricular stimulation (9/12), with latencies similar to those described previously, whereas SCM stimulation revealed only a muscle artefact with a much longer latency. A dose-response analysis showed that cervical nVNS elicited a clear vSEP response in more than 80% of the participants using an intensity of 15 V. Conclusion Cervical nVNS can activate vagal afferent fibres, as evidenced by the recording of far-field vSEPs similar to those seen with iVNS and non-invasive auricular stimulation.

scholarly journals NOVEL APPROACHES TO NON-INVASIVE BLOOD GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Kh. A. Kurdanov ◽  
A. D. Elbaev ◽  
A. D. Elbaeva ◽  
R. I. Elbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Novel Approaches

scholarly journals Pitch ranking, electrode discrimination, and physiological spread of excitation using current steering in cochlear implants

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 3159-3171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny L. Goehring ◽  
Donna L. Neff ◽  
Jacquelyn L. Baudhuin ◽  
Michelle L. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Current Steering ◽  
Spread Of Excitation

scholarly journals Simulating the effect of spread of excitation in cochlear implants

2008 ◽  
Vol 241 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bingabr ◽  
Blas Espinoza-Varas ◽  
Philipos C. Loizou
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Spread Of Excitation

Spread of excitation varies for different electrical pulse shapes and stimulation modes in cochlear implants

2012 ◽  
Vol 290 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Undurraga ◽  
Robert P. Carlyon ◽  
Olivier Macherey ◽  
Jan Wouters ◽  
Astrid van Wieringen
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Electrical Pulse ◽  
Spread Of Excitation

scholarly journals Pure tone discrimination with cochlear implants and filter-band spread

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luise Wagner ◽  
Reyhan Altindal ◽  
Stefan K. Plontke ◽  
Torsten Rahne
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Difference Limen ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Corner Frequency ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tone Frequency ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tone Discrimination

AbstractFor many cochlear implant (CI) users, frequency discrimination is still challenging. We studied the effect of frequency differences relative to the electrode frequency bands on pure tone discrimination. A single-center, prospective, controlled, psychoacoustic exploratory study was conducted in a tertiary university referral center. Thirty-four patients with Cochlear Ltd. and MED-EL CIs and 19 age-matched normal-hearing control subjects were included. Two sinusoidal tones were presented with varying frequency differences. The reference tone frequency was chosen according to the center frequency of basal or apical electrodes. Discrimination abilities were psychophysically measured in a three-interval, two-alternative, forced-choice procedure (3I-2AFC) for various CI electrodes. Hit rates were measured, particularly with respect to discrimination abilities at the corner frequency of the electrode frequency-bands. The mean rate of correct decision concerning pitch difference was about 60% for CI users and about 90% for the normal-hearing control group. In CI users, the difference limen was two semitones, while normal-hearing participants detected the difference of one semitone. No influence of the corner frequency of the CI electrodes was found. In CI users, pure tone discrimination seems to be independent of tone positions relative to the corner frequency of the electrode frequency-band. Differences of 2 semitones can be distinguished within one electrode.

Biohybrid systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan F. Lepora
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Sensory Organ ◽  
Tactile Sensing ◽  
Brain Machine Interfaces ◽  
Non Invasive

This chapter introduces the “biohybrid systems” section of the Handbook of Living Machines and briefly reviews some important examples of systems formed by coupling biological to engineered components. These include brain–machine interfaces, both non-invasive, using different external measurement and scanning devices, and invasive approaches focusing on implantable probes. Next we consider fabrication methods for micro- and nanobiohybrid systems and an example of a biohybrid system at the organism level, in the form of a robot–animal biohybrid, developed using methods from synthetic biology. There are many application for biohybrid systems in healthcare: we include exemplar chapters describing intelligent prostheses such as artificial hands with tactile sensing capabilities, sensory organ–chip hybrids in the form of cochlear implants, and artificial implants designed to replace damaged neural tissue and restore lost memory function.

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