scholarly journals Performance Errors Influence Voluntary Task Choices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Spitzer ◽  
Andrea Kiesel ◽  
David Dignath
Keyword(s):  
Error Probability ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Behavioral Adaptation ◽  
Previous Trial ◽  
Previous Response ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Transient Error ◽  
Error Probabilities

Humans adjust their behavior after they committed an error, but it is unclear whether and how error commissions influence voluntary task choices. In the present article, we review different accounts on effects of errors in the previous trial (transient error effects) and overall error probabilities (sustained error effects) on behavioral adaptation. Based on this review, we derived five statistical models how errors might influence voluntary task choices. We analyzed the data of three experiments in which participants voluntarily selected one of two tasks before each trial whereby task difficulty, and concomitantly error probability, increased successively for the selected/performed tasks. Model comparison suggested that choice behavior was best explained by a combination of error probability of the performed task, error probability of the alternative task, and whether the previous response was correct or incorrect. The results revealed that participants were most likely to switch tasks in situations where the error probability of the performed task was high, the error probability of the alternative task was low, and after an error on the previous trial. We conclude that task selection processes are influenced by transient and sustained error effects.

Error Probability for Coherent Modulations in Rician Fading Channel

2010 ◽  
pp. 1741-1752
Author(s):  
A. Chandra ◽  
C. Bose
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
Fading Channel ◽  
Error Probability ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Rician Fading ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Rician Fading Channel ◽  
Modulation Schemes ◽  
Error Probabilities

Simple closed-form solutions for the average error rate of several coherent modulation schemes including square M-QAM, DBPSK and QPSK operating over slow flat Rician fading channel are derived. Starting from a novel unified expression of conditional error probability the error rates are analysed using PDF based approach. The derived end expressions composed of infinite series summations of Gauss hypergeometric function are accurate, free from any numerical integration and general enough, as it encompasses as special situations, some cases of non-diversity and Rayleigh fading. Error probabilities are graphically displayed for the modulation schemes for different values of the Rician parameter K. In addition, to examine the dependence of error rate performance of M-QAM on the constellation size, numerical results are plotted for various values of M. The generality of the analytical results presented offers valuable insight into the performance evaluation over a fading channel in a unified manner.

A New Upper Bound on the Error Probability of Binary Linear Codes

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 2852-2855
Author(s):  
Jun Guo ◽  
Li Yun Dai ◽  
Hong Wen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Error Probability ◽  
Linear Codes ◽  
Binary Linear Codes ◽  
Union Bound ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Error Probabilities

Performance evaluation of maximum-likelihood (ML) decoded binary linear codes is usually carried out using bounding techniques. In this paper, a new upper bound is presented to improve existing union bounds. The proposed upper bounding is based on probabilities of correct events, while the traditional union bound (UB) is on pair-wise error probabilities. Moreover, the improved upper bounding uses the intersection instead of the union of basic events. The theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed bound is tight than UB.

Crew performance variability in human error probability quantification: A methodology based on behavioral patterns from simulator data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1748006X2098674
Author(s):  
Salvatore F Greco ◽  
Luca Podofillini ◽  
Vinh N Dang
Keyword(s):  
Error Probability ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Human Reliability Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Performance Variability ◽  
Procedural Guidance ◽  
Error Probabilities ◽  
Task Types ◽  
Analysis Models

Current Human Reliability Analysis models express error probabilities as a function of task types and operational context, without explicitly modelling the influence of different crew behavioral characteristics on the error probability. The influence of such variability is treated only implicitly, by variability and uncertainty distributions with bounds primarily obtained by expert judgment. This paper presents a methodology to empirically incorporate crew performance variability in error probability quantification, from simulator data. Crew behaviors are represented by a set of “behavioral patterns” that emerge in the observation of operating crews (e.g. in information sharing or in adhering to procedural guidance). The paper demonstrates the use of a Bayesian hierarchical model to explicitly capture the performance variability emerging from data. The methodology is applied to a case study from literature. Numerical demonstrations are performed in order to compare the proposed approach to the existing quantification models used in HRA for treating simulator data.

scholarly journals Evolution of Distributed Detection Performance over Balanced Binary Relay Tree Networks with Bit Errors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ping Tian ◽  
Wenbo Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic System ◽  
Error Probability ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Invariant Set ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Channel Noise ◽  
Bit Error Probability ◽  
Error Probabilities ◽  
Total Error Probability ◽  
Types Of Error

Abstract Target detection based on wireless sensor networks can be considered as a distributed binary hypothesis testing problem. In this paper, the evolution of detection error probability with the increase of network scale is studied for the balanced binary relay tree network with channel noise. Firstly, the iterative expressions of false-alarm probability and missed-detection probability depending on the number of tree network layers are given. Then, the iterative process of two types of error probabilities in the network space is described as a discrete nonlinear switched dynamic system, and the dynamic properties of two types of error probabilities are analyzed in a plane rectangular coordinate system. A globally attractive invariant set of the state of the dynamic system, which is not related to the channel noise, is derived. The switching mode of the system and the total error probability in the invariant set are further analyzed, and a necessary and sufficient convergence condition of the total error probability is provided. Based on this condition the following detection properties of the network are revealed: (1) as long as the channel bit error probability is not zero, the total error probability does not tend to zero with the increasing network size; (2) when the channel bit error probability is greater than 2-/3/ 2 the total error probability will continue to increase with the increase of network size.

scholarly journals Classical and quantum fingerprinting with shared randomness and one-sided error

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-271
Author(s):  
R.T. Horn ◽  
A.J. Scott ◽  
J. Walgate ◽  
R. Cleve ◽  
A.I. Lvovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Message Passing ◽  
Error Probability ◽  
Communication Complexity ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Error Probabilities ◽  
Quantum Fingerprinting

Within the simultaneous message passing model of communication complexity, under a public-coin assumption, we derive the minimum achievable worst-case error probability of a classical fingerprinting protocol with one-sided error. We then present entanglement-assisted quantum fingerprinting protocols attaining worst-case error probabilities that breach this bound.

How do partner reactions affect task set selection: Specific imitation or abstract tasks?

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2008-2025
Author(s):  
Romy Müller
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Task Set ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Stimulus Set ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Task Features

Task set selection is facilitated when people expect a partner to perform the same task, suggesting that the features of the partner’s performance are represented. However, it is unclear how similar the partner’s reactions must be to promote compatibility effects: does a partner have to imitate subjects’ specific actions or is it enough to perform the same task while responding to different stimuli with different actions? This present study investigated this question in a joint picture–word interference paradigm. Subjects either named pictures or read words, and a partner responded by performing the same or the competing task. In Experiment 1, the partner used the same picture–word combinations as the subject and thus compatible trials implied a complete imitation. Compatibility benefits were observed. In Experiment 2, the partner performed the same or the competing task on different stimuli, producing different actions. Compatibility effects were absent. To test whether this indicates that an overlap in abstract task features is insufficient or resulted from excessive task difficulty, Experiment 3 replicated Experiment 2 with a smaller stimulus set. Compatibility benefits were found. Taken together, the results suggest that a partner’s abstract task can be represented and affect task set selection processes even without an overlap in stimulus-response mappings.

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