The Retreat of the Hudson's Bay Company in the Pacific North‐West

If the Treaty of Paris in 1763 secured the Hudson's Bay Company in its monopoly of Rupert's Land, it also, by the Cession of Canada, opened to British enterprise the river-and-lake routes, discovered by the French, from Montreal to the fur-rich country west of Hudson Bay. This instalment of our list covers the years of the Montreal traders' expansion into the North-west, their crossing of the Arctic watershed into the fur trader's Eldorado, the Athabasca district, their organization into the Hudson's Bay Company's formidable rival, the North West Company, and concludes with the climax of their north-westward surge, Alexander Mackenzie's arrival at the Arctic Ocean in 1789. This activity obliged the Hudson's Bay Company to change its policy of waiting for the Indians to bring their furs to posts on Hudson Bay and made them push inland to compete for furs with the pedlars from Montreal. In the meantime, the Moravians had established missions on the coast of Labrador, searches for a North-west Passage were directed away from Hudson Bay to the Pacific coast of North America, the first scientific expedition was sent to Hudson Bay, and the Indians were decimated by smallpox. Toward the end of this instalment, we begin to draw our southern boundary of “northern Canada” both westward and northward and to omit many expeditions and events of peripheral or minor importance, such as activities south of Saskatchewan River, or of regular occurrence, such as annual voyages northward from Churchill.

The Retreat of the Hudson's Bay Company in the Pacific North-West

The SHAFR Guide Online ◽

10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim040080056 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Hudson's Bay Company ◽

North West ◽

The Pacific ◽

Hudson’S Bay Company

THE FREEZING OF INSECTS

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent30287-11 ◽

1898 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 287-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Henry H. Lyman

Keyword(s):

Hudson's Bay Company ◽

Entomological Society ◽

North West ◽

Copper Mines ◽

Hudson’S Bay Company

In the 22nd Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, being that for 1891, there appeared a paper from my pen under the title “Can Insects Survive Freezing?”I have recently come across further records of observations upon this subject, and deem them of sufficient interest to be republished in the Canadian Entomologist.In looking over and interesting book of travels entitled “A Journey from Prince of Wales's Fort in Hudson's Bay to the Northern Ocean, undertaken by order of the Hudson's Bay Company for the discovery of copper mines, a north-west passage, etc., in the years 1769, 1770, 1771 and 1772, by Samuel Hearne,” published in 1796, I came across the following interesting notes on page 397

A Critique of Milgrom and Roberts' Treatment of Incentives vs. Bureaucratic Controls in the British North American Fur Trade

Journal of Management Accounting Research ◽

10.2308/jmar.2002.14.1.135 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 135-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gary P. Spraakman

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

North American ◽

Fur Trade ◽

Profit Sharing ◽

Hudson's Bay Company ◽

Senior Managers ◽

North West ◽

Organization And Management ◽

British North American ◽

Hudson’S Bay Company

In their 1992 textbook, Economics, Organization and Management, Milgrom and Roberts used 19th century fur trading companies as examples of effective (the incentive-based North West Company) and ineffective (the bureaucratic-based Hudson's Bay Company) organizations. Findings from detailed examinations of both companies' archives suggest that Milgrom and Roberts were not completely accurate in their depictions of the two companies' incentives and bureaucratic controls. In response to complexities of intercontinental trade, both companies used bureaucratic controls for coordination as well as profit sharing to motivate senior managers. More generally, the findings raise questions about Milgrom and Roberts' relatively negative conclusions concerning the effectiveness of bureaucratic controls.

The Fort and the Village

British Forts and Their Communities ◽

10.5744/florida/9780813056753.003.0005 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Douglas C. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Historical Archaeology ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Spatial Segregation ◽

Hudson's Bay Company ◽

The Pacific ◽

Fort Vancouver ◽

Archaeology Of Colonialism ◽

The Village ◽

Hudson’S Bay Company

Fort Vancouver, located in southwestern Washington (USA), was the administrative headquarters and supply depot for the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) in the Pacific Northwest, essentially its colonial capital between ca. 1825 and 1845. The documentary record for Fort Vancouver suggests a spatial segregation between the fort and the village along class lines which separated the elite managers of the company from its employees (engagés). Archaeological and ethnohistoric data, however, tend to blur these sharp lines between the fort and the village as artifacts, pollen, and other data reveal a more complex colonial milieu tied to the unique multicultural nature of the settlement and ties to indigenous and other non-Western communities. The historical archaeology of colonialism at Fort Vancouver helps the modern descendants of these people, as well as others tied to the fort, reconnect to their history and heritage and develop a dialogue regarding past and current identities.

Strangers on the Land

Beneath the Backbone of the World ◽

10.5149/northcarolina/9781469655154.003.0003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 37-62

Author(s):

Ryan Hall

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Native People ◽

Intermountain West ◽

Hudson's Bay Company ◽

New Era ◽

North West ◽

Canadian North ◽

Direct Trade ◽

First Time ◽

Hudson’S Bay Company

This chapter describes the period from 1781 until 1806. Following a devastating smallpox epidemic in 1781, the Blackfoot established direct trade with non-Native people for the first time, circumventing middlemen who had been devastated by the disease. While many embraced the opportunities for trade, they also carefully structured their relationships with newcomers, repurposing regional traditions of peaceful exchange and ceremony for a new era. At the same time, they deliberately prevented British (Hudson’s Bay Company) and Canadian (North West Company) traders from expanding their trade into new regions, especially the intermountain West, thus securing crucial advantages over their western and southern neighbors. By 1806, Blackfoot people had become one of the most powerful and expansive Indigenous polities in North America.

Chronological list of expeditions and historical events in northern Canada. V. 1790–1821

Polar Record ◽

10.1017/s0032247400062124 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 15 (99) ◽

pp. 893-920

Author(s):

Alan Cooke ◽

Clive Holland

Keyword(s):

Hudson Bay ◽

Hudson's Bay Company ◽

Historical Events ◽

New Techniques ◽

Northern Canada ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Rupert's Land ◽

New Policies ◽

Hudson’S Bay Company

During the period covered by this instalment of our list, the accomplishments of the North West Company, both in geographical exploration and in the realization of profits were great. It consolidated its position in the fur-rich Athabasca district and, with a few posts along Mackenzie River, began to draw in the furs of that immense territory. Its traders invaded not only the western part of Rupert's Land but even Hudson Bay itself. The Hudson's Bay Company rose only slowly to the challenge of its formidable rival, but, gradually, it began to adopt new policies and new techniques and to meet the North West Company on its own grounds and on its own terms. Finally, after a bitter struggle that was almost the destruction of both companies, the Hudson's Bay Company, in 1821, effectively absorbed the North West Company in a coalition that gave the older company greater strength than ever and a wider monopoly than Prince Rupert had thought of.

Chasser en échange d’un salaire

Revue d histoire de l Amérique française ◽

10.7202/039885ar ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 5-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

François Antaya

Keyword(s):

Hudson's Bay Company ◽

North West ◽

Commerce Des Fourrures ◽

Hudson’S Bay Company

Résumé Au début du XIXe siècle, la Haute-Mauricie est investie par trois grandes compagnies intéressées dans le commerce des fourrures : la North West Company, la King’s Posts Company et la Hudson’s Bay Company. Si la présence de ces compagnies dans le bassin de la rivière Saint-Maurice a fait l’objet de recherches approfondies, les activités des petits commerçants et la main-d’oeuvre qu’ils employèrent sont demeurées jusqu’à présent méconnues. Pourtant, comme l’attestent les engagements contractés devant les notaires trifluviens, des marchands indépendants, profitant d’une période de flottement, ont été particulièrement actifs sur ce territoire entre 1815 et 1822. Comparativement aux compagnies avec lesquelles ils peinaient à rivaliser, ces derniers employèrent des engagés amérindiens dans des proportions beaucoup plus fortes, majoritairement des Abénaquis de Saint-François-du-Lac et de Bécancour. À travers l’étude des modalités d’embauche des engagés amérindiens, cet article vise à illustrer leur rôle particulier dans la traite du Saint-Maurice, notamment à titre de chasseurs salariés, et, par le fait même, jette un nouvel éclairage sur les stratégies des marchands indépendants.