scholarly journals Testing the virulence of some Hungarian Erwinia amylovora strains on in vitro cultured apple rootstocks

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hevesi ◽  
J. Papp ◽  
E. Jámbor-Benczúr ◽  
K. Kaszáné Csizmár ◽  
I. Pozsgai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Disease Rating ◽  
Different Strains

A useful method was improved to test and to evaluate the susceptibility of plants to fire blight and the virulence of E. amylovora strains. Six Hungarian strains from different host plants were tested on in vitro cultured apple rootstocks. Disease rating was used for the characterization of the process of disease development. The different strains had different capacity to cause disease, mainly in the first period of incubation. There were significant differences between the virulence of the strains.

scholarly journals Resistance of Geneva and Other Apple Rootstocks to Erwinia amylovora

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Norelli ◽  
H. T. Holleran ◽  
W. C. Johnson ◽  
T. L. Robinson ◽  
H. S. Aldwinckle
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Breeding Selections

When vigorously growing shoots of 49 different apple rootstocks grown in a greenhouse were inoculated with different strains of Erwinia amylovora, Budagovsky 9 (B.9), Ottawa 3, Malling 9, and Malling 26 were the most fire blight susceptible rootstocks and Geneva 11, Geneva 65, Geneva 16, Geneva 30, Pillnitzer Au51-11, Malling 7, and several breeding selections were the most resistant. Significant strain—rootstock interactions were observed in the amount of fire blight that resulted from inoculation. Field-grown fruiting ‘Royal Gala’ trees on Geneva 16 and Geneva 30 rootstocks were highly resistant to rootstock infection (no tree mortality) when trees sustained severe blossom infection with E. amylovora, compared with Malling 9 and Malling 26 rootstock clones, which were highly susceptible to infection (36 to 100% tree mortality). In contrast to potted own-rooted B.9 plants inoculated in a greenhouse, B.9 rootstocks of orchard trees appeared resistant to rootstock infection (0% tree mortality). Orchard trees on Geneva 11 were moderately resistant to rootstock infection (25% tree mortality). There was general agreement in the evaluation of resistance under orchard conditions when rootstock resistance was evaluated in relation to controlled blossom inoculation or to natural blossom infection.

scholarly journals Assessment of fire blight resistance in apple clonal rootstocks using molecular markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
I. N. Shamshin ◽  
M. V. Maslova ◽  
N. V. Drenova ◽  
M. L. Dubrovsky ◽  
O. V. Parusova
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Marker ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Main Components

Background. Clonal apple rootstocks are one of the main components of intensive gardening. The degree of rootstock damage by fire blight affects the resistance of the variety–rootstock combination. The paper presents a study on marking quantitative trait loci (QTL) of resistance to fire blight Erwinia amylovora in clonal apple rootstock.Materials and methods. A collection of 20 rootstock forms was analyzed. For the study, SCAR markers GE-8019, AE10-375 and microsatellite marker CH-F7-FB1 were used.Results. Polymorphism was observed for all three markers, and their various combinations in one genotype were revealed. It was previously noted that genotypes that carry all three markers were more resistant than those that lack them. The presence of all three markers was observed only in forms 62-396 (В10), 16-1 and 2-9-102. The other genotypes did not have the GE8019 marker. The AE10-375 marker was identified in eight clonal rootstocks. Microsatellite marker CH-F7-FB1 was present in all tested rootstocks. However, polymorphism was detected there. Most genotypes had a 174 bp fragment, but a 210 bp fragment was identified in two of the 20 forms. Clonal rootstock 70-20-21 proved heterozygous for this marker. The analyzed collection also included samples that had only the microsatellite marker: G16, Malysh Budagovskogo, Paradizka Budagovskogo (B9), 54-118 (В118), 57-491, 70-20-20 (В119), 70-20-21, 71-7-22, 76-3-6, 83-1-15, 87-7-12, and 2-12-10. The study of rootstock forms on the basis of resistance to metabolites of the fire blight pathogen was carried out under laboratory conditions using the E. amylovora culture filtrate in vitro on leaf explants. Most of the studied genotypes had different combinations of markers. However, the experiments showed that forms 62-396 and 14-1 with two out of three markers (AE10-375 and CH-F7-FB1) phenotypically manifested the trait of resistance to metabolites of E. amylovora. 

RESISTANCE OF APPLE ROOTSTOCKS TO FIRE BLIGHT CAUSED BY ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

2004 ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Barritt ◽  
B.S. Konishi ◽  
M.A. Dilley ◽  
L. Pusey
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Apple Rootstocks

scholarly journals Structural and functional characterization of proteins from the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora. A review on the state of the art

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Benini
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point

Abstract Together with genome analysis and knock-out mutants, structural and functional characterization of proteins provide valuable hints on the biology of the organism under investigation. Structural characterization can be achieved by techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR, Cryo-EM. The information derived from the structure are a good starting point to comprehend the details of the proteins molecular function for a better understanding of their biological role. This review aims at describing the progress in the structural and functional characterization of proteins from the plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora obtained by structural biology and currently deposited in the Protein Data Bank.

Trypanosoma cruzi: Characterization of in vitro and in vivo synthesized polypeptides from epimastigote forms of different strains

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leda Maria Cummings ◽  
Paulo César Cotrim ◽  
JoséFranco da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Different Strains

scholarly journals Fire Blight Resistance of Budagovsky 9 Apple Rootstock

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Russo ◽  
Terence L. Robinson ◽  
Gennaro Fazio ◽  
Herb S. Aldwinckle
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
High Level

Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, can cause a fatal infection of apple rootstocks known as rootstock blight. Budagovsky 9 (B.9) apple rootstock is reported to be highly susceptible when inoculated with E. amylovora, although results from multiple trials showed that B.9 is resistant to rootstock blight infection in field plantings. Conflicting results could stem from genetic variation in the B.9 population, appearing as phenotypic differences in rootstock material. However, genetic testing, using 23 microsatellite loci, confirmed the clonal uniformity of B.9 in commerce. Variation in growth habit between B.9 rootstocks originating from two nurseries also has been discounted as a source of disease resistance. Instead, results indicate a possible novel resistance phenotype in B.9 rootstock. B.9 rootstock was susceptible to leaf inoculation by E. amylovora, statistically similar to the susceptible rootstock Malling 9 (M.9). Conversely, inoculation assays targeting woody 4- to 5-year-old tissue revealed a high level of resistance in B.9, whereas M.9 remained susceptible. Although the mechanism by which B.9 gains resistance to E. amylovora is unknown, it is reminiscent of age-related resistance, due to an observed gain of resistance in woody rootstock tissue over succulent shoot tissue. Durable fire blight resistance correlated with tissue development could be a valuable tool for rootstock breeders.

scholarly journals Colonization of Host Plants by the Fire Blight Pathogen Erwinia amylovora Marked with Genes for Bioluminescence and Fluorescence

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Bogs ◽  
Iris Bruchmüller ◽  
Claudia Erbar ◽  
Klaus Geider
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Leaf Hairs ◽  
Lux Operon ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Lac Promoter

To follow the movement of Erwinia amylovora in plant tissue without dissection, this bacterium was marked with either the lux operon from Vibrio fischeri or the gfp gene from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria, both carried on multicopy plasmids and expressed under the control of the lac promoter from Escherichia coli. Movement of the pathogen was visualized in leaves, stems, and roots of apple seedlings, and migration of E. amylovora was traced from inoculation sites in the stem to as far as the roots. Green fluorescent E. amylovora cells were observed in the xylem and later appeared to break out of the vessels into the intercellular spaces of the adjacent parenchyma. Inoculation in the intercostal region of leaves caused a zone of slow necrosis that finally resulted in bacterial invasion of the xylem vessels. Labeled bacteria could also be seen in association with the anchor sites of leaf hairs. Distortion of the epidermis adjacent to leaf hairs created openings that were observed by scanning electron microscopy. As the intercostal region, the bases of leaf hairs provided E. amylovora access to intact xylem vessels, which allowed further distribution of the pathogen in the host plant.

MICROARRAY CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HRPL REGULON OF THE FIRE BLIGHT PATHOGEN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

2011 ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
R.R. McNally ◽  
G.W. Sundin ◽  
Y.F. Zhao ◽  
I.K. Toth ◽  
P.J.A. Cock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora

scholarly journals Characterization of Serracin P, a Phage-Tail-Like Bacteriocin, and Its Activity against Erwinia amylovora, the Fire Blight Pathogen

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 5704-5710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhamid Jabrane ◽  
Ahmed Sabri ◽  
Philippe Compère ◽  
Philippe Jacques ◽  
Isabel Vandenberghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Analysis ◽  
Terminal Amino Acid ◽  
Phage Tail ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
Pear Trees

ABSTRACT Serratia plymithicum J7 culture supernatant displayed activity against many pathogenic strains of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of the most serious bacterial disease of apple and pear trees, fire blight, and against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia liquefaciens, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. This activity increased significantly upon induction with mitomycin C. A phage-tail-like bacteriocin, named serracin P, was purified from an induced culture supernatant of S. plymithicum J7. It was found to be the only compound involved in the antibacterial activity against sensitive strains. The N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the two major subunits (23 and 43 kDa) of serracin P revealed high homology with the Fels-2 prophage of Salmonella enterica, the coliphages P2 and 168, the φCTX prophage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a prophage of Yersinia pestis. This strongly suggests a common ancestry for serracin P and these bacteriophages.

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