scholarly journals Utility of the ADC Map in Identification of Diffusion Restriction on a Background of Basal Ganglia Iron Deposition

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Iron Deposition ◽  
Diffusion Restriction ◽  
Adc Map

Hyperferritinemia with Iron Deposition in the Basal Ganglia and Tremor as the Initial Manifestation of Follicular Lymphoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hussein Algahtani ◽  
Ahmed Absi ◽  
Bader Shirah ◽  
Hatim Al-Maghraby ◽  
Hussam Algarni
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Iron Deposition ◽  
Initial Manifestation

scholarly journals Extensive Cortical Diffusion Restriction in a 50-Year-Old Female with Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy and Status Epilepticus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam de Havenon ◽  
Kris French ◽  
Safdar Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Brain Herniation ◽  
Diffusion Restriction ◽  
Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Radiologic Features

Comorbid hyperammonemic encephalopathy (HE) and status epilepticus (SE) leading to extensive cortical diffusion restriction (CDR) on MRI have not been previously reported. We describe a patient with HE who subsequently developed provoked SE. Sequential MRIs demonstrated a progressive CDR that involved the entire bilateral supratentorial cortex, thalami, and basal ganglia, resulting in death from cerebral edema and brain herniation. Diffuse CDR is most frequently seen after hypotension or hypoxia, which our patient did not experience. Such findings have also been described in both HE and SE (Milligan et al. (2009), Chatzikonstantinou et al. (2011), U-King-Im et al. (2011), and Bindu et al. (2009)), but not to the extent seen in our patient. Additionally, our patient had distinct radiologic features of both disease processes, suggesting a cumulative effect. The diagnosis of HE and SE in the setting of extensive CDR should not be missed and could lead to improved outcomes for two progressive, malignant, and treatable illnesses that can be easily overlooked.

scholarly journals Age-related Iron Deposition in the Basal Ganglia: Quantitative Analysis in Healthy Subjects

Radiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 252 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Aquino ◽  
Alberto Bizzi ◽  
Marina Grisoli ◽  
Barbara Garavaglia ◽  
Maria Grazia Bruzzone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Iron Deposition ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Susceptibility-weighted MR imaging (SWI) of basal ganglia iron deposition in the early and advanced stages of Parkinson's disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
A. G. Trufanov ◽  
A. A. Yurin ◽  
A. B. Buriak ◽  
S. A. Sandalov ◽  
M. M. Odinak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Iron Deposition ◽  
Left Caudate

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease and the first one among the nosological entities of parkinsonism. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence, which allows the in vivo estimation of the values of iron deposition in different areas of the brain, is a potential technique for the early diagnosis of PD and for the study of the pathogenesis of its complications.Objective: to compare the values of iron deposition in the basal ganglia in Stages II and III PD and to determine the relationship of clinical findings to the level of iron deposition according to the SWI findings.Patients and methods. Twenty-four patients with Hoehn and Yahr Stages II (n=24) and III (n=12) PD were examined. All the patients underwent brain MRI on a Siemens TrioTim (3T) MRI scanner by using pulse sequences T1, T2, SWI and subsequently quantifying the iron deposition (SPIN software). The accumulation of iron is visualized as an area of reduced signal intensity on SWI, and its estimation in accordance with the SPIN program has accordingly a smaller value. The regions of interest on both sides were the dentate nucleus, substantia nigra, red nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and head of the caudate nucleus. The examination protocol also included tests using the following scales: the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Batter (FAB), Freezing of Gait (FOG), Gait and Balance Scale (GABS), the Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale, the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Clock-Drawing Test.Results and discussion. The investigators found significant (p<0.05) correlations between the clinical picture and the level of iron deposition in the regions of interest in patients with Stage II PD: FOG – left caudate nucleus (r=-0.94); GABS – left caudate nucleus (r=-0.94); and in patients with stage III of the disease: UPDRS (full) – left red nucleus (r=-0.82), right globus pallidus (r=-0,80), left putamen (r=-0,96); UPDRS (Section 2) – left red nucleus (r=-0.77), left globus pallidus (r=-0.84); UPDRS (Section 3) – right putamen (r=-0,85), right globus pallidus (r=-0.78), left globus pallidus (r=-0,92); FOG – left globus pallidus (r=-0.81); GABS – left red nucleus (r=-0.96), left putamen (r=0.82), right putamen (r=-0.89), left globus pallidus (r=-0.82), right globus pallidus (r=-0.85), left caudate nucleus (r=-0.82), right caudate nucleus (r=-0.89); Beck Depression Inventory – right substantia nigra (r=-0.82).Conclusion. SWI measurement of the values of iron deposition in the structures of the extrapyramidal system in PD provides an additional insight into the pathological processes occurring in them.

Quantitative assessment of brain iron by R2* relaxometry in patients with clinically isolated syndrome and relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1048-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Khalil ◽  
C Enzinger ◽  
C Langkammer ◽  
M Tscherner ◽  
M Wallner-Blazek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
Iron Accumulation ◽  
Iron Deposition ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
Brain Iron ◽  
Relapsing Remitting

Background Increased iron deposition has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), based on visual analysis of signal reduction on T2-weighted images. R2* relaxometry allows to assess brain iron accumulation quantitatively. Objective To investigate regional brain iron deposition in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) and its associations with demographical, clinical, and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters. Methods We studied 69 patients (CIS, n = 32; RRMS, n = 37) with 3T MRI and analyzed regional R2* relaxation rates and their correlations with age, disease duration, disability, T2 lesion load, and normalized brain volumes. Results Basal ganglia R2* relaxation rates increased in parallel with age ( r = 0.3–0.6; P < 0.01) and were significantly higher in RRMS than in CIS ( P < 0.05). Using multivariate linear regression analysis, the rate of putaminal iron deposition was independently predicted by the patients’ age, disease duration, and gray matter atrophy. Conclusions Quantitative assessment by R2* relaxometry suggests increased iron deposition in the basal ganglia of MS patients, which is associated with disease duration and brain atrophy. This technique together with long-term follow-up thus appears suited to clarify whether regional iron accumulation contributes to MS morbidity or merely reflects an epiphenomenon.

Cognitive impairment is associated with subcortical magnetic resonance imaging grey matter T2 hypointensity in multiple sclerosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Brass ◽  
R HB Benedict ◽  
B Weinstock-Guttman ◽  
F Munschauer ◽  
R Bakshi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Iron Deposition ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Grey matter hypointensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, suggesting iron deposition, has been described in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is related to physical disability, disease course and brain atrophy. We tested the hypothesis that subcortical grey matter T2 hypointensity is related to cognitive impairment after adjusting for the effect of MRI lesion and atrophy measures. We studied 33 patients with MS and 14 healthy controls. Normalized T2 signal intensity in the caudate, putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus, total brain T1-hypointense lesion volume (T1LV), fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery-hyperintense lesion volume (FLLV) and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) were obtained quantitatively. A neuropsychological composite score (NCS) encompassed new learning, attention, working memory, spatial processing and executive function. In each of the regions of interest, the normalized T2 intensity was lower in the MS versus control group (all P <0.001). Regression modelling tested the relative association between all MRI variables and NCS. Globus pallidus T2 hypointensity was the only variable selected in the final model ( R2 = 0.301, P = 0.007). Pearson correlations between MRI and NCS were T1LV: r = -0.319; FLLV: r = -0.347; BPF: r = 0.374; T2 hypointensity of the caudate: r = 0.305; globus pallidus: r = 0.395; putamen: r = 0.321; and thalamus: r = 0.265. Basal ganglia T2 hypointensity and BPF demonstrated the strongest associations with cognitive impairment on individual cognitive subtests. Subcortical grey matter T2 hypointensity is related to cognitive impairment in MS, supporting the clinical relevance of T2 hypointensity as a biological marker of MS tissue damage. These data implicate a role for basal ganglia iron deposition in neuropsychological dysfunction.

Beyond stroke—uncommon causes of diffusion restriction in the basal ganglia

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Alok A. Bhatt ◽  
Justin L. Brucker ◽  
Jeevak Almast
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Diffusion Restriction
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