The Role of HNKs in the Antidepressant Effect of Ketamine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Effect

Role of neurogenesis in distinguishing relevant from irrelevant memories

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 655-655
Author(s):  
M. Moreno ◽  
E. Glennon ◽  
L. Thiru ◽  
C. Sexton ◽  
J.D. Coplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Immature Neuron ◽  
Stimulation Of

BackgroundIn this study we examine potential mechanisms by which the stimulation of hippocampal neurogenesis may generate an antidepressant effect.MethodsStudy-1: Adult male rats (N = 24) were trained to segregate relevant from irrelevant spatial cues (spatial segregation); tested on this task four and 8-weeks late; then exposed (on week 8) to a modified version of the task that conflicted with the memory of the initially learned experience (mnemonic segregation); and then euthanized to detect hippocampal neurogenesis. Study-2: Adult rats (N = 24) were trained in the spatial segregation task; three-days later, half were re-tested on the same task and half the tested on the modified task (mnemonic segregation); and euthanized immediately to detect neurons that were synaptically active during task performance.ResultsStudy-1: Good performers on the modified task (mnemonic segregation) had significantly greater rates of hippocampal neurogenesis, but the increase was only in immature neurons and not in new neurons that had completed maturation. Performance on spatial segregation task was unrelated to proficiency in mnemonic segregation or rates of neurogenesis. Study-2: Performance on the mnemonic segregation unrelated to neurogenesis rates, but inversely correlated to synaptic activation of mature hippocampal neurons, which in turn inversely correlated with immature neuron rates.ConclusionTaken together, the data suggests that neurogenesis facilitates detection of subtle changes to experiences established over several weeks (not days); this occurs prior to forming synapses; and maybe associated with suppression of mature hippocampal neurons that presumably mediate older, interfering, experiences.

Role of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside in the antidepressant effect of ketamine in mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1848-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam A. Vogt ◽  
Anne S. Vogel ◽  
Natascha Pfeiffer ◽  
Peter Gass ◽  
Dragos Inta
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Antidepressant Effect

scholarly journals Neural Plasticity Associated with Hippocampal PKA-CREB and NMDA Signaling Is Involved in the Antidepressant Effect of Repeated Low Dose of Yueju Pill on Chronic Mouse Model of Learned Helplessness

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilu Zou ◽  
Yin Chen ◽  
Qinqin Shen ◽  
Xiaoyan Guo ◽  
Yuxuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Camp Response Element Binding ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Long Term Depression

Yueju pill is a traditional Chinese medicine formulated to treat syndromes of mood disorders. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of repeated low dose of Yueju in the animal model mimicking clinical long-term depression condition and the role of neural plasticity associated with PKA- (protein kinase A-) CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) and NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) signaling. We showed that a single low dose of Yueju demonstrated antidepressant effects in tests of tail suspension, forced swim, and novelty-suppressed feeding. A chronic learned helplessness (LH) protocol resulted in a long-term depressive-like condition. Repeated administration of Yueju following chronic LH remarkably alleviated all of depressive-like symptoms measured, whereas conventional antidepressant fluoxetine only showed a minor improvement. In the hippocampus, Yueju and fluoxetine both normalized brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and PKA level. Only Yueju, not fluoxetine, rescued the deficits in CREB signaling. The chronic LH upregulated the expression of NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B, which were all attenuated by Yueju. Furthermore, intracerebraventricular administration of NMDA blunted the antidepressant effect of Yueju. These findings supported the antidepressant efficacy of repeated routine low dose of Yueju in a long-term depression model and the critical role of CREB and NMDA signaling.

Role of Bai-Shao towards the antidepressant effect of Chaihu-Shu-Gan-San using metabonomics integrated with chemical fingerprinting

2015 ◽  
Vol 1006 ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Chang ◽  
Hongmei Jia ◽  
Chao Zhou ◽  
Hongwu Zhang ◽  
Meng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Chemical Fingerprinting

Preclinical evidence for the role of serotonin receptor-subtypes in depression

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
B. Olivier ◽  
J. Schipper ◽  
J.A.M. van der Heyden ◽  
A. van Hest ◽  
J. Mos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression ◽  
Literature Evidence

SummarySerotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in depression and specific 5-HT reuptake blockers appear to be clinically important antidepressants. It is unclear however, which serotonergic mechanism is involved in the antidepressant effect, certainly when regarding the existence of at least seven 5-HT receptor subtypes. By testing different 5-HT ligands in two animal models of depression (forced swimming and DRL72-S test) and comparison with data from literature, evidence is provided for potential antidepressant qualities of 5-HT1A receptor-agonists and 5-HT1C receptor-antagonists. Compounds binding to 5-HT1B, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors do not have an antidepressant profile. Results of clinical research support the predicted antidepressive effects of 5-HT1A receptor-agonists.

scholarly journals Backing into the future: pharmacological approaches to the management of resistant depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (15) ◽  
pp. 2569-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Cowen
Keyword(s):  
General Medicine ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Dopamine Receptor Agonist ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Continuous Use

Pragmatic studies indicate that a substantial number of depressed patients do not remit with current first-line antidepressant treatments and after two failed treatment steps the chance of remission with subsequent therapies is around 15%. This paper focuses on current evidence for pharmacological treatments in resistant depression as well as possible future developments. For patients who have failed to respond to two antidepressant trials, augmentation with atypical antipsychotic drugs, specifically quetiapine and aripiprazole, has the best evidence for efficacy, though older treatments such as lithium and triiodothyronine still have utility. The striking antidepressant effect of ketamine in resistant depression has stimulated research into glutamatergic compounds; however, capturing the efficacy of ketamine with drugs suitable for continuous use has proved challenging. Growing knowledge of the pathophysiological role of inflammation in depression offers great opportunities for future treatment in terms of repurposing anti-inflammatory agents from general medicine and pre-treatment stratification of those depressed patients in whom such interventions are likely to be beneficial. Finally an older drug, the dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole, if used carefully may well improve the prospects of depressed patients who are refractory to current approaches.

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