scholarly journals Episootic situation of dirofilariasis in dogs in Kiev

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Lozhkina ◽  
◽  
M. V. Kupnevska ◽  
V. G. Pavlunko ◽  
S. М. Lytvynenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
The Body ◽  
Postmortem Changes ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Heartworm Disease ◽  
The Right ◽  
Economic Use

In most countries, dogs are more likely to have two types of heartworm pathogens: Dirofilaria repens ‒ localized in the subcutaneous tissue and causes skin lesions and Dirofilaria immitis ‒ parasitizes in the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries and is accompanied by cardiovascular disorders in animals. The increase in the number of dogs infected with heartworms occurs with increasing age, depending on the sex and breed of animals. Laboratory tests are important in diagnosing heartworm disease because the clinical signs are nonspecific. Heartworm disease is a global disease, the geographical area of which continues to increase The aim of the study was to clarify the epizootic situation regarding heartworm disease of dogs in Kyiv, to study the dynamics of the disease for the period 2017-2020, depending on the age of dogs, economic use in the city of Kiev, also to analyze the similarity of pathological and anatomical changes of affected animals by parasites Dirofilaria immitis. The material for the epizootic situation were reports on the results of studies of dogs in Kyiv for 2017-2020 and the results of our own research. Pathological and anatomical examinations were performed in the section hall of the Research Pathomorphology Department of the State Research Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary Sanitary Examination. The object of research is 96 dogs of different ages: puppies up to 1 year, dogs from 1 year to 12 years. Autopsies were performed according to generally accepted methods. According to official research results in Kyiv for 2019 - 2020, heartworm disease has decreased significantly (8 - 5.7%). The highest rate of invasion was in 2017 (29.6%) and with each passing year the percentage of the disease decreased, reaching 5.7% in 2020. This situation may be due to changes in weather and climate conditions (reduced rainfall), timely prevention, treatment and treatment of animals from mosquitoes. According to the results of pathological and anatomical studies, it was found that dogs under 1 year of age were not infested, and with increasing age in animals the incidence rate begins to increase and reaches the highest percentage of infestation in adult animals aged 10-12 years to ‒ 60%. Which is due to biological vectors (infested mosquitoes) and reduced resistance of animals. Pathological autopsy was performed on dogs of different breeds. However, 16 dogs were infected, including: German Shepherds ‒ 7, mestizos ‒ 4, outbred ‒ 5. In general, it is not the breed that affects dogs, but the conditions of keeping and economic use. The intensity of the invasion among service dogs ‒ 12,5%, domestic ‒ 18,2%, among homeless dogs were not found, which indicates a higher resistance of the body to this disease. According to the results of pathological and anatomical autopsies in the corpses of 16 affected animals with heartworms, similar postmortem changes were observed: 1. The presence of parasites Dirofilaria immitis approximately 20-30 cm long of light yellow color in the lumen of the right ventricle in aorta and pulmonary artery in 16 corpses ‒ 100% cases; 2. Acute venous hyperemia and pulmonary edema in 12 corpses ‒ 75% of cases; 3. Dilatation of the right ventricle of the heart in 9 corpses ‒ 56.3%; 4. Aneurysm and thrombosis of the pulmonary artery adjacent to the right ventricle of the heart was found in 8 corpses ‒ 50% probability; 5. Myocardial dystrophy among 8 corpses ‒ 50%; 6. Pericarditis was found in 3 carcasses of animals ‒ 18.8%; 7. Endocarditis in one dog, i.e. ‒ 6.3%; 8. With myocarditis one corpse ‒ 6.3%; 9. Gastro-enteritis was observed in 12 corpses in the total number ‒ 75%, but: catarrhal in 8, catarrhal-hemorrhagic in 3, hemorrhagic in 1; 10. Pneumonia in 3 corpses ‒ 18.8%, distinguishing interstitial, serous-catarrhal, catarrhal-purulent in one case. Own research has established the infestation of dogs with parasites, and the similarity of pathological and anatomical changes at the autopsy of animals depending on age, breed and economic use. In the future, it is planned to conduct histological and histochemical studies of organs in which the presence of helminths Dirofilaria immitis was detected in order to study the characteristic morphological changes.

scholarly journals Features of diagnostics and surgical treatment of right ventricular thrombosis complicated by pulmonary artery thromboembolism (clinical case)

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
R. M. Vitovsky ◽  
P. M. Semeniv ◽  
A. O. Rusnak ◽  
Y. R. Ivanov ◽  
V. F. Onischenko
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clinical Conditions

The case of differential diagnosis and treatment of a patient with pulmonary embolism (PE), the source of which was the thrombus formed in the right ventricle of the heart, is presented. The peculiarity of this case was the untimely diagnosis of the disease, which simulated pneumonia, the treatment of which did not improve the clinical condition of the patient. Tomography allowed to determine the thrombosis of the right branch of the pulmonary artery and to send the patient to the cardiac surgery center for further treatment. Diagnosis of a probable source of embolism occurred after echocardiography, which revealed a tumor-like lesion of the right ventricle of large size and dense consistency. The results of surgical treatment of the patient, during which extensive formation of the right ventricle was removed, a dense elastic consistency with signs of fragmentation confirmed the prediction of this particular source of pulmonary embolism. Removal of blood clots from the right branch of the pulmonary embolism showed their similar macrostructure with right ventricular formation. The appearance and macrostructure of the formation did not allow to determine with certainty its character. Only histological examination was able to determine the thrombogenicity of the origin of this formation. The recurrent nature of pneumonia, without the presence of risk factors, in young patients may be the basis for more thorough examination to identify atypical clinical conditions. The restoration of the source of the body is of great importancefor the prevention of its relapse. Finding the source of pulmonary embolism should necessarily include echocardiography to carefully examine possible lesions of intracardiac structures with the formation of blood clots that may be responsible for its occurrence.

scholarly journals Canine Dirofilariasis In Panamá. First Case Report.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Candanedo Chacón ◽  
Patricia Guizardi Correia de Candanedo.
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
San Lorenzo ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
First Case ◽  
Chronic Myocarditis ◽  
Heartworm Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background. The living beings have suffered with the climate changes that are affecting the planet in the latest decades. This has allowed the development of many vectors with the correspondent increase in their vector-borne diseases (VBD). Panama is a country that historically has suffered with the effects of the VBD even before the Panama Canal construction. D.immitis is a worldwide distribution parasite found in most American countries, but heretofore it was not recorded on the Panamanian isthmus. Methods. Here we report a male, 5.5 years old dog in the Boca Chica region, San Lorenzo district, Chiriqui province, Rep of Panama. The canine arrived with serious cardiopulmonary symptoms, convulsions and strong arrhythmia. We examined the dog´s blood cells and found hemoglobin levels in 2.7 g/dL, and a quick snap quattro test showing a positive result for D. immitis. Because of the gravity of the symptoms and the evident suffering of the patient, the owners requested that the dog be euthanized. We proceeded with the euthanasia and removed the heart. It was fixed in formaldehyde and sent for an anatomic histopathology study. Results. Thirty whole adult nematodes were found, 14 females and 16 males, measuring between 20.2 cm and 12.4cm long on average, respectively, located on the pericardium, pulmonary artery and right ventricle and atrium. The anatomy histophatology results shows chronic myocarditis, chronic pericarditis, and enlargement of the right ventricle. However, the pulmonary artery-vein endothelium, and inner space seems to be normal. Inflammatory infiltrate was found on myocardium compound of lymphocytes and macrophages, characterizing the myocarditis. Monocytes/macrophages infiltrate was found on the pericardium at the place where the specimen was collected characterizing the pericarditis. Conclusions. We can conclude, starting with the observed case, that D. immitis epidemiological research is necessary in Panama to ascertain the real prevalence and pathogenesis of the nematode in this country, to identify the vectors involved, the damage to dogs, the prevalence in wild animals, and the incidence of lesions on humans. Studies are indicated to identify Wolbachia sp bacteria on the nematode, clarifying this bacteria´s participation in the pathogenesis of heartworm disease.

scholarly journals Vascular, hepatic and renal lesions by Dirofilaria immitis invasion in dogs

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-846
Author(s):  
S.A. Pasca ◽  
D. Acatrinei ◽  
O.Z. Oprean ◽  
M. Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Inflammatory Damage ◽  
Heartworm Disease ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Ventricular Dilatation

Morphological investigations were conducted on four bodies of dogs who died due to severe clinical symptoms following a massive invasion of cardiac and pulmonary Dirofilaria. The subjects were monitored clinically and diagnosed serologically positive for the Heartworm disease. The necropsy examination of the cardiovascular system (right ventricle and pulmonary artery) revealed the presence of 25 adult parasites in one dog with length ranging between 8 and 33cm. Macroscopically, lesions consistently observed were represented by the right ventricular dilatation and the diffuse wall thickening of the pulmonary artery. Parasitic invasion secondary lesions were present in the lungs, liver and kidneys (cardiac and vascular lesions). The histological examination mainly revealed myocardial injury, vascular (dystrophic), pulmonary (circulatory and inflammatory), hepatic (degenerative) and renal (degenerative and inflammatory) damage.

Ligation of a Fistula between the Left Main Coronary Artery and Both the Pulmonary Artery and the Right Ventricle

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Halil Algin ◽  
Aytekin Yesilay ◽  
N. Murat Akcar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Left Main Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Fistula ◽  
Left Main ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery Fistulas ◽  
The Right

The frequency of coronary artery fistula among all coronary angiography patients is 0.1% to 0.2%; however, involvement of both the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle is a rare clinical entity. A 53-year-old man patient was admitted to our clinic with rarely occurring chest pain, palpitations, and dyspnea. A coronary angiogram showed a fistula between the left main coronary artery and both the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle. We performed a ligation of this fistula without cardiopulmonary bypass. Aorta and right ventricle sutures were made, and the proximal and distal portions of the fistula were obliterated with 5-0 Prolene sutures and previously prepared Teflon felt. The patient recovered and was discharged without any complications. The surgical indications for coronary artery fistulas are symptomatic disease, an aneurysmic coronary artery, signs of heart failure, and ischemia. The surgical options in such cases�depending on whether the fistula is complicated or not�are simple ligation or transarterial ligation under cardiopulmonary bypass.

scholarly journals Importance of Preserved Tricuspid Valve Function for Effective Soft Robotic Augmentation of the Right Ventricle in Cases of Elevated Pulmonary Artery Pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Wamala ◽  
Christopher J. Payne ◽  
Mossab Y. Saeed ◽  
Daniel Bautista-Salinas ◽  
David Van Story ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Right Heart Failure ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Valve Function ◽  
Right Ventricular Assist Device ◽  
The Right

Abstract Purpose In clinical practice, many patients with right heart failure (RHF) have elevated pulmonary artery pressures and increased afterload on the right ventricle (RV). In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of RV augmentation using a soft robotic right ventricular assist device (SRVAD), in cases of increased RV afterload. Methods In nine Yorkshire swine of 65–80 kg, a pulmonary artery band was placed to cause RHF and maintained in place to simulate an ongoing elevated afterload on the RV. The SRVAD was actuated in synchrony with the ventricle to augment native RV output for up to one hour. Hemodynamic parameters during SRVAD actuation were compared to baseline and RHF levels. Results Median RV cardiac index (CI) was 1.43 (IQR, 1.37–1.80) L/min/m2 and 1.26 (IQR 1.05–1.57) L/min/m2 at first and second baseline. Upon PA banding RV CI fell to a median of 0.79 (IQR 0.63–1.04) L/min/m2. Device actuation improved RV CI to a median of 0.87 (IQR 0.78–1.01), 0.85 (IQR 0.64–1.59) and 1.11 (IQR 0.67–1.48) L/min/m2 at 5 min (p = 0.114), 30 min (p = 0.013) and 60 (p = 0.033) minutes respectively. Statistical GEE analysis showed that lower grade of tricuspid regurgitation at time of RHF (p = 0.046), a lower diastolic pressure at RHF (p = 0.019) and lower mean arterial pressure at RHF (p = 0.024) were significantly associated with higher SRVAD effectiveness. Conclusions Short-term augmentation of RV function using SRVAD is feasible even in cases of elevated RV afterload. Moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation were associated with reduced device effectiveness.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the morphology and mechanics of the right ventricle using echocardiography before and after transcatheter balloon pulmonary angioplasty in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
KIRILL Malikov ◽  
MARINA Kirichkova ◽  
MARIA Simakova ◽  
NARECK Marukyan ◽  
OLGA Moiseeva
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Pressure ◽  
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Reverse Remodeling ◽  
Free Wall ◽  
Artery Pressure ◽  
Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) leads to a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) with the development of severe dysfunction of the right heart and heart failure. Mortality for three years with an average pressure in the pulmonary artery (PA) of more than 50 mmHg is more than 90%. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) has a significant advantage over other methods of surgical treatment, but it requires the determination of additional non-invasive markers of effectiveness. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) remains the main method for assessing the morphology and function of the heart. Purpose Compare different indicators reflecting the severity of CTEPH with TTE indicators before and after BPA. To evaluate the effectiveness of using BPA for the treatment of patients with CTEPH using routine TTE and speckle tracking mode. Materials and methods For 18 months 30 patients without concomitant cardiovascular pathology were subjected to several BPA sessions. Before treatment, 50% of patients belonged to the 3 CTEPH functional class (FC), 40% to 2 FC, 10% to 1 FC. The average number of sessions was 4.7 ± 1.3. Before the first BPA and after the last, all the patients were performed: six-minute walk test (6MWT, metres), Borg scale (in points), test for NT-proBNP (pg/ml); TTE with assessment of the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) including areas of the right atrium (aRA, cm2), mean pulmonary artery pressure (PUPM,mmHg),RV free wall strain (GLSFW, %), RV free wall strain rate (GLSRFW, sm/sec), RV free wall postsystolic shortening (PSSFW, %), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE, sm), tricuspid annulus systolic velocity (TASV, sm/sec). Results. Before the first BPA session, the 6MWT in the patient group averaged 315.9 ± 9.08 metres, after - 439.5 ± 11.45 m; the Borg from 5.4 ± 0.94 points decreased to 4 ± 1.01 points; NT-proBNP before the treatment was 1513 ± 13.01 pg/ml, after - 171 ± 6.09; according to TTE the ratio of RV/ LV before and after treatment was 1.31 ± 0.02 and 0.97 ± 0.04; aRA was 29.3 ± 4.87 and 22.3 ± 3.53 cm2; basal RV - 52 ± 5.11 and 44 ± 7.26 mm; PUPM decreased from 76.6 ± 7.65 to 31.3 ± 3.78 mmHg; GLSFW from -14.69 ± 2.33 came to 17.5 ± 3.45 %; GLSRFW with -0.9 ± 0.09 to -1.7 ± 0.11 cm/sec; TAPSE from 16.7 ± 1.87 to 18.2 ± 2.34 cm; TASV from 10.11 ± 1.45 to 12.25 ± 1.98 cm/s, PSSFW before treatment was -18.4 ± 1.2%, after treatment in 66% of patients disappeared, in 34% became an average of 17.4 ± 0.9% The distribution of STEPH FC has also changed. Conclusion. BPA leads to an improvement in the tolerance of physical activity, clinical indicators, and parameters of central hemodynamics in the pulmonary circulation, evaluated according to direct manometry, and leads to reverse remodeling of the RV in the long term. Performing a staged BPA leads to an improvement in the functional parameters of contractility of the RV.

scholarly journals P686 Right atrial, right ventricular and pulmonary cement embolism: a rare complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akhunova ◽  
R Khayrullin ◽  
N Stekolshchikova ◽  
M Samigullin ◽  
V Padiryakov
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Cement Embolism ◽  
The Right

Abstract A 68-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the lumbar spine. He had L5 disc herniation, Spinal stenosis of the L5 root canal - S1 on the right in the past medical history. Percutaneous vertebroplasty at the level of L3 and Th8 vertebral bodies was performed six months ago due to painful vertebral hemangioma. The man is suffering from arterial hypertension, receives antihypertensive therapy. During routine transthoracic echocardiography, a hyperechoic structure with a size of 9.5 x 0.9 cm was found in the right atrium and right ventricle. Chest computed tomography with contrast enhancement revealed signs of bone cement in the right atrium and right ventricle, in the right upper lobe artery, in the branches of the upper lobe artery, in the paravertebral venous plexuses. Considering the duration of the disease, the stable condition, the absence of clinical manifestations and disorders of intracardiac hemodynamics, it was decided to refrain from surgical treatment. Antiplatelet therapy and dynamic observation were recommended. Conclusion Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a modern minimally invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine. However, the cement can penetrate into the paravertebral veins and migrate to the right chambers of the heart and the pulmonary artery. This clinical case demonstrates asymptomatic cement embolism of the right chambers of the heart and pulmonary artery after percutaneous vertebroplasty, detected incidentally during routine echocardiography. Abstract P686 Figure.

Does thrombolysis for pulmonary embolism reduce the risk of chronic complications?

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Caroline Apsey ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Jawad ◽  
Martin Daschel ◽  
Daniel Woosey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
The Right

We assessed the efficacy of thrombolysis in avoiding long-term complications. Notes of patients thrombolysed for PE in the 2-year period were reviewed. The initial CTPA and echocardiogram results before thrombolysis were compared to the results of follow up imaging repeated after 6 months. Twenty-two patients were thrombolysed for PE. 14 patients had sub-massive PE and 8 patients had massive PE. The right ventricle (RV) was dilated on pre-thrombolysis echocardiogram in 16 patients. On follow up echocardiography all patients with massive PE (6 studies) had a normal RV size, with pulmonary artery pressures (PAP) of 29mmHg. Follow up echocardiography of patients with submassive PE (13 studies) showed 11 patients with a normal RV, with PAP of 28 mmHg.

scholarly journals Metastatic adenocarcinoma involving the right ventricle and pulmonary artery leading to right heart failure: case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turgut Karabag ◽  
Caner Arslan ◽  
Turab Yakisan ◽  
Aziz Vatan ◽  
Duygu Sak
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Right Heart Failure ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract due to metastatic disease is rare. Clinical recognition of cardiac metastatic tumors is rare and continues to present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a patient who had severe respiratory insufficiency and whose clinical examinations revealed a giant tumor mass extending from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. We discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic options. CONCLUSION: In patients presenting with acute right heart failure, right ventricular masses should be kept in mind. Transthoracic echocardiography appears to be the most easily available, noninvasive, cost-effective and useful technique in making the differential diagnosis.

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