Incarnation, Alienation, and Emancipation

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Daniel Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Violence ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Dialectical Reason ◽  
Political Project

In Critique of Dialectical Reason Vol. 2, Sartre analyzes a boxing match in light of a typology of violence. He suggests that individual conflicts incarnate broader forces of structural violence. He distinguishes between incidents of incarnating violence in terms of their broader social effects, as either alienated – commoditized or “mystified” and rendered illicit – or emancipatory – embedded in a collectively willed political project. This conceptualization is used to analyze two films, Aronofsky’s The Wrestler and McQueen’s Hunger. The Wrestler is an excellent meditation on the ways in which the violence of the oppressed is alienated in contemporary U.S. culture, whereas Hunger gestures toward the possibility of emancipatory violence. The article finally considers the act of watching these films as a Sartrean incarnation of violence.

UKRAINIAN POLITICAL PROJECT: FROM GOVERNMENT INSUFFICIENCY TO SOCIAL DEGRADATION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. CHEMSHIT ◽  
О.S. STATSENKO
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Political Project ◽  
Systemic Degradation

A political analysis of the Ukrainian state project is being carried out. The idea of state insufficiency of modern Ukraine stands out as the starting point. The analysis shows that for a quarter of a century Ukraine has not been able to overcome any of the crisis stages: identity, penetration, legality, participation and distribution, and in the strict sense has not acquired the obligatory signs of statehood. The authors trace the dynamics of the socioeconomic and humanitarianpolitical problems of an irreversible character or, otherwise, systemic degradation of the society. They point out to the shadowing of the economy, deindustrialization of the country, the demographic collapse, the crisis of the educational system, total corruption, formation of a carnival political culture and moral degradation.

Violencia en la formación médica

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Héctor García Hernández ◽  
Guadalupe Alvear Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Medical Culture ◽  
Cultural Violence ◽  
Direct Violence ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
And Function

The purpose of this work is to provide elements to understand, in a broad way, the violence within medical training, since most of the work on the subject focuses on its consequences: for example, the physical and psychological conditions of violent acts in the medical training. The article begins with the concept of violence proposed by Galtung, that points out direct violence, structural violence and cultural violence. Then, it describes the hegemonic medical model as a sculptor of medical culture and its effect on medical practice and medical education. Afterwards, it describes the medical habitus and the hidden curriculum, two elements of the medical culture. The first one refers to how the medical personnel justifies the use of violence, the second one refers to what is taught about the structure, organization and function of the health institutions. Then, the article reviews the characteristics of the health institutions as spaces where an organized medical practice is crystallized in a rigid, hierarchical and vertical manner. We then focus on the worker/student conflict. These conditions are necessary for the appearance of direct violence in the medical training. Key words: Cultural violence; structural violence; direct violence; medical training; hegemonic medical model.

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