Creation Processes of Professional Artists and Art Students in Sculpting

In some creative domains, it is easy to make performance visible. For example, musician can be observed while they perform. In other domains, such as sculpting, less is known about the creation process. The objective of the present study was to analyze how professional artists and students in sculpting differ in their perception and in their creation processes as well as how perception and creation processes are related to each other. Ten experts, 10 intermediates, and 10 novices participated. First, participants’ eye movements while looking at a stimulus were recorded with a remote eye-tracker. Second, they explained which elements of the stimulus were of particular interest for creating a sculpture. Third, they had to create their own sculpture. Finally, questions were asked about their creation processes. The results showed differences between the three groups regarding the start-up period, use of the stimulus, working process, reflection of problems, and final sculptures.

The non-implementation of the nursing process: reflection based on Deleuze's and Guattari's concepts

The nursing process can contribute to consolidate nursing as a science, as it evidences the systematization of its thinking and its actions, providing visibility to the work that is done. However, national and international studies have reported many difficulties that are faced when implementing it. These difficulties motivated the development of this study, which had the objective of discussing and reflecting on nursing work from a theoretical revision supported by aspects of subjectivity according to Deleuze and Guattari, considering that they may be unconsciously expressed by nurses in their daily professional tasks, resulting in the non-implementation of the nursing process.

From Oxford to Rome: Newman's Ecclesial Conversion

Amidst multiple conflicting interpretations of Newman's 1845 conversion, this article offers a new, synthetic interpretation by distinguishing and integrating negative deconversion and positive conversion moments within a six-year, three-phase process: reflection and theological judgment, discernment and judgment of conscience, and deliberation and decision.