scholarly journals Pakistan and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (IV) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anum Riaz ◽  
Muqarrab Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Export Control ◽  
Nuclear Technology ◽  
Fissile Material ◽  
Official Position ◽  
Comprehensive Test ◽  
Technology Control ◽  
Test Ban ◽  
Control Regime

The arrival of nuclear weapons was detrimental in changing the nature of warfare; duringWWII, we used nuclear weapons on two Japanese cities. The catastrophic effect of nuclear weapons made the pioneers apprehensive about the spread of nuclear technology across the globe. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime (NNPR) is a set of international rules, norms, initiatives, agreements, arrangements, bilateral and multilateral treaties to curb the spread of nuclear weapons and technology. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is the backbone of NNPR. This paper discusses the significance of NNPR and will focus on how Pakistan fits into the bigger picture of the NNPR as a nuclear state. This research study will further analyze the prospects and challenges for Pakistan viz a viz the NNPR. It will specifically focus on Pakistan's official position on joining the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT), and the two relevant Export Control Regimes (Nuclear Suppliers Group and Missile Technology Control Regime). Moreover, the challenges Pakistan faces viz-a-viz these treaties and arrangements will be highlighted. Recommendations will be provided based on the prospects of how Pakistan can overcome these challenges.

scholarly journals A European Dilemma: The EU Export Control Regime on Dual-Use Goods and Technologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Alavi ◽  
Tatsiana Khamichonak
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Export Control ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Council Regulation ◽  
Technology Control ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
Control Regime ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Export controls for dual-use items are an important constituent element of both the security policies of state exporters and WMD non-proliferation efforts. Dual-use goods and technologies can be used for both civil and military purposes, which requires careful oversight over their export to countries that are considered unfriendly or have ambiguous foreign policy attitudes. By their very nature, dual-use items may be used both to further legitimate ends, like promoting technological development and strengthening economic ties, and to aid in unwarranted acts. State exporters are faced with the responsibility of balancing the security objectives pertaining to exports of dual-use items with the competitiveness of local economies. The paper discusses the EU export control regime and EU membership in international export control groups. In doing so, comparative and normative research methods are chosen to analyze existing literature on Council Regulation 428/2009 and other international export control groups, including the Wassenaar Arrangement, the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), the Australia Group (AG) and the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG). The paper will conclude by identifying shortcomings and addressing possible amendments to the regulation.

Ban on Nuclear Tests: What are the Prospects?

2010 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
V. Belous
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Nuclear Disarmament ◽  
International Review ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty ◽  
Comprehensive Test ◽  
Nuclear Tests ◽  
Test Ban

Referring to recent history, the author examines specific stages in nuclear weapons development, which, for their part, determined the fundamentals of the control system construction. The importance of the international Review Conference to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in May 2010 is noted, where serious attention was paid to the primary component of nuclear disarmament – the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which largely predetermines what the future world will be – nuclear or nuclear free.

Export Control Regimes and India's Space and Missile Programmes

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 205-242
Author(s):  
A. Baskaran
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Export Control ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Export Controls ◽  
Technology Control ◽  
Control Regime

Multilateral export control regimes such as the London Club and Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) aim to prevent the flow of complex dual-use technologies to certain ‘target’ countries. The underlying belief has been that these regimes would be able to delay or cripple strategic weapon programmes in ‘target’ countries. However, little attention has been paid to understand the factors that influence the effectiveness of these regimes. In recent years, the limitations of export controls have become increasingly clear. This paper introduces a conceptual framework and analyses the case of India'S space and missile programmes to trace the factors that determine the effectiveness of export control regimes and to understand why these regimes, particularly the MTCR are increasingly ineffective on certain ‘target’ countries.

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