Thermosensitive determination of patency in lumboperitoneal shunts

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Ishiwata ◽  
Yasuhiro Chiba ◽  
Toshinori Yamashita ◽  
Gakuji Gondo ◽  
Kaoru Ide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts ◽  
Upward Deflection ◽  
Shunt Tubing ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Surface cooling and thermistor recording over shunt tubing was used in 23 studies of cerebrospinal fluid shunt patency in 19 patients with lumboperitoneal shunts and normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Shunt patency was shown by downward reflection of the recording trace similar to that obtained for ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Obstruction was demonstrated by a flat-line recording or an upward deflection.

Thermosensitive determination of obstructed sites in ventriculoperitoneal shunts

1985 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Chiba ◽  
Yusuke Ishiwata ◽  
Noriyuki Suzuki ◽  
Masato Muramoto ◽  
Yumiko Kunimi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts ◽  
Upward Deflection ◽  
Small Disc ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A simple method is described for checking the patency of ventriculoperitoneal shunts by using a pair of small disc thermistors. With this technique, shunt patency is shown by a downward deflection of the recording trace, blockage of the ventricular catheter is indicated by a flat-line recording, and obstruction of the distal end of the abdominal catheter is demonstrated by an upward deflection. These observations were confirmed in a study of 32 hydrocephalic patients with obstructed shunts who subsequently underwent shuntography and operation. An experimental model was also devised to study the mechanism of the recording changes.

Ultrasound determination of cerebrospinal fluid shunt patency

1975 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Flitter ◽  
William A. Buchheit ◽  
Frederick Murtagh ◽  
Marc S. Lapayowker
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A technique employing a Doppler ultrasound flowmeter in determining cerebrospinal fluid shunt patency is described. The technique has proven to be a valuable aid in the evaluation of the patient in whom shunt function is in question.

Subcutaneous reaction to silicone in ventriculoperitoneal shunts

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Sugar ◽  
Orville T. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Connective Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Implantation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts ◽  
Silicone Tubing ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath ◽  
Fine Print

✓Silicone tubing (Silastic) used for ventriculoperitoneal shunts induces a fibrous connective tissue sheath around the tubing in children and adults. Two children examined 8 and 3 years after subcutaneous implantation showed a complete tube of dense fibrous connective tissue around the silicone tubing. The reaction was entirely quiescent. These tubes of connective tissue were apparently capable of conveying cerebrospinal fluid for some months after the silicone tubing was disconnected from the pump or pulled out of the abdomen.

Abdominal pseudocysts and ascites formation after ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedures

1975 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Walton Parry ◽  
John F. Schuhmacher ◽  
Raeburn C. Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Shunt Malfunction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts ◽  
Ascites Formation ◽  
Fine Print

✓The authors report three patients with abdominal pseudocysts and one with cerebrospinal fluid ascites as late complications of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. The presenting signs and symptoms were those of an intraabdominal abnormality, with no neurological symptoms suggestive of shunt malfunction.

Stretching and breaking characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid shunt tubing

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Tomes ◽  
Leslie C. Hellbusch ◽  
L. Russell Alberts
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Applied Stress ◽  
Revision Surgery ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shunt Tubing ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt system malfunction due to silastic tubing fracture necessitates revision surgery in shunt-dependent individuals. The goal of this study was to examine the mechanical stretching and breaking characteristics of new and used CSF shunt tubing catheters to determine if any inherent physical properties predispose the tubing to fracture. Methods. Fifty-millimeter segments of new and retrieved (used) CSF shunt tubing were stretched to 120 mm in a hydraulic press to determine modulus values (modulus = stress/strain) and to measure permanent tubing deformation imparted by the applied stress and strain. Similar 50-mm tubing segments were also stretched in an electromechanical material testing system until fracture occurred; the force and strain needed to break the tubing was recorded at the time of failure. The results demonstrate that shunt tubing with a greater cross-sectional area requires greater force to fracture, and that catheters become weaker the longer they are implanted. Barium-impregnated shunt tubing, compared with translucent tubing, appears to require less applied stress and strain to break and may fracture more easily in vivo. The variety of modulus values obtained for the new catheters tested indicates that the various companies may be using materials of different quality in tubing manufacture. Conclusions. A CSF shunt catheter design that incorporates tubing with a greater cross-sectional area may lead to fewer fractures of indwelling catheters and a reduction in shunt revision surgery.

Determination of cerebrospinal fluid shunt function with water-soluble contrast medium

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Savoiardo ◽  
Carlo L. Solero ◽  
Angelo Passerini ◽  
Franco Migliavacca
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Distal Catheter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Water Soluble Contrast ◽  
Water Soluble Contrast Medium

✓ Determination of cerebrospinal fluid shunt patency with water-soluble contrast medium is a simple, rapid, reliable, and safe technique. Since September, 1974, the authors performed 113 examinations. With the Spitz-Holter valve, only the atrial catheter can be studied, but, with the Pudenz valve and with the shunting devices that have a double-dome reservoir, both the proximal and the distal catheter can be visualized. Through the ventricular catheter a full ventriculographic study can be made, demonstrating ventricular size, malposition of the catheter, and the lesion that caused the hydrocephalus, or its evolution. The problem of collapsed ventricles, in which clinical and “manual” evaluation of the flushing device can give misleading findings, is emphasized. The injection of the atrial or peritoneal catheter in the pathological cases demonstrated its blockage, level of disconnection, malposition, sleeve, or cyst formation. Computerized tomography has only slightly decreased the number of these studies: when the ventricles are large, the examination with water-soluble contrast medium is still needed to demonstrate the exact level of malfunction. This demonstration has decreased the number of the total revisions or complete changes of shunting systems, eliminating some unnecessary changes of normally functioning catheters.

Cerebrospinal fluid shunt colonization and obstruction by Paecilomyces variotii

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodger Fagerburg ◽  
Byungse Shu ◽  
Helen R. Buckley ◽  
Bennett Lorber ◽  
John Karian
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Cardiac Valves ◽  
Paecilomyces Variotii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lens Implantation ◽  
Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A 57-year-old woman underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for noncommunicating hydrocephalus. She required several shunt revisions over a 2-year period for recurrent hydrocephalus. The shunt was subsequently found to be obstructed by growth of the saprophytic fungus, Paecilomyces variotii, an infrequent human pathogen. Paecilomyces infections have caused complications associated with prosthetic cardiac valves and synthetic lens implantation; this is the first reported association with a cerebrospinal fluid shunt.

Cerebrospinal fluid antibiotic levels during treatment of shunt infections

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Wald ◽  
Robert L. McLaurin
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
External Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intraventricular Injections ◽  
Shunt Infections ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Twenty patients with documented cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections were treated with daily intraventricular injections of methicillin, cephalothin, or gentamicin without removal of the shunt or external ventricular drainage. Periodic determinations of intraventricular antibiotic concentration revealed significant levels in relation to the established minimum inhibitory concentration in all cases.

Radionuclide estimation of cerebrospinal fluid shunt flow

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Kuruc ◽  
Salvador Treves ◽  
Keasley Welch ◽  
Denise Merlino
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Exponential Method ◽  
Disappearance Curve ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Flow of cerebrospinal fluid through a surgically implanted valve may be estimated by analyzing the disappearance curve resulting from the injection of a radiotracer into the valve. The standard method for estimating flow assumes an exponential disappearance of the tracer from the valve. This method models the valve as a single well-mixed compartment. Experimental evidence, showing that estimates of flow were dependent upon the site of injection, is at variance with this assumption. An alternative method of analyzing the disappearance curves, based on the area to height ratio (A/H) of the curves, was found to be more consistent with the experimental evidence and resulted in greater precision than the exponential method. It was concluded that optimal results are obtained using the A/H method with a fixed injection technique.

Peritoneal cerebrospinal fluid shunt insertion: a technique for protection of the abdominal catheter

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Piatt
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Abdominal Wound ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Shunt Insertion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A minor modification of the technique of peritoneal cerebrospinal fluid shunt insertion allows more anatomical closure of the abdominal wound and may protect the shunt from contamination by superficial abdominal wound infection.

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