Cerebrospinal fluid shunt colonization and obstruction by Paecilomyces variotii

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodger Fagerburg ◽  
Byungse Shu ◽  
Helen R. Buckley ◽  
Bennett Lorber ◽  
John Karian
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Cardiac Valves ◽  
Paecilomyces Variotii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lens Implantation ◽  
Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A 57-year-old woman underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for noncommunicating hydrocephalus. She required several shunt revisions over a 2-year period for recurrent hydrocephalus. The shunt was subsequently found to be obstructed by growth of the saprophytic fungus, Paecilomyces variotii, an infrequent human pathogen. Paecilomyces infections have caused complications associated with prosthetic cardiac valves and synthetic lens implantation; this is the first reported association with a cerebrospinal fluid shunt.

Pneumocephalus following ventriculoperitoneal shunt

1975 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Pitts ◽  
Charles B. Wilson ◽  
Herbert H. Dedo ◽  
Robert Weyand
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting ◽  
Tegmen Tympani ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors describe a case of massive pneumocephalus following ventriculoperitoneal shunting for hydrocephalus. After multiple diagnostic and surgical procedures, congenital defects in the tegmen tympani of both temporal bones were identified as the sources for entry of air. A functioning shunt intermittently established negative intracranial pressure and allowed ingress of air through these abnormalities; when the shunt was occluded, air did not enter the skull, and there was no cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Repair of these middle ear defects prevented further recurrence of pneumocephalus.

Abdominal pseudocysts and ascites formation after ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedures

1975 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Walton Parry ◽  
John F. Schuhmacher ◽  
Raeburn C. Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Shunt Malfunction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts ◽  
Ascites Formation ◽  
Fine Print

✓The authors report three patients with abdominal pseudocysts and one with cerebrospinal fluid ascites as late complications of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. The presenting signs and symptoms were those of an intraabdominal abnormality, with no neurological symptoms suggestive of shunt malfunction.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction during pregnancy

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junya Hanakita ◽  
Takanori Suzuki ◽  
Yoshisuke Yamamoto ◽  
Yuji Kinuta ◽  
Kiyoshi Nishihara
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Shunt Malfunction ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts ◽  
Shunt System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Malfunction of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is reported in a 25-year-old woman at 32 weeks of gestation. Pregnancies and delivery in women with cerebrospinal fluid shunts are rarely reported, and malfunction of a shunt system during pregnancy is extremely unusual.

Cerebrospinal fluid antibiotic levels during treatment of shunt infections

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Wald ◽  
Robert L. McLaurin
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
External Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intraventricular Injections ◽  
Shunt Infections ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Twenty patients with documented cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections were treated with daily intraventricular injections of methicillin, cephalothin, or gentamicin without removal of the shunt or external ventricular drainage. Periodic determinations of intraventricular antibiotic concentration revealed significant levels in relation to the established minimum inhibitory concentration in all cases.

Audible cerebrospinal fluid flow through a ventriculoperitoneal shunt

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe I. Ordia ◽  
Ronald W. Mortara ◽  
Edward L. Spatz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Fine Print

✓ An audible, noisy cerebrospinal fluid flow is an uncommon sequela of ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Two cases presenting this phenomenon are described.

Hydrocephalus due to villous hypertrophy of the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Hirano ◽  
Kazuho Hirahara ◽  
Tetsuhiko Asakura ◽  
Tetsuro Shimozuru ◽  
Koki Kadota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A case is reported of hydrocephalus due to overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) caused by villous hypertrophy of the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles. A 7-year-old girl with mental retardation developed gait disturbance; hydrocephalus and a Dandy-Walker cyst were detected on computerized tomography. She was initially treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt; however, shunting failed to control the hydrocephalus. The excessive outflow of CSF suggested choroid plexus abnormality, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed enlargement of the choroid plexus in both lateral ventricles. The patient was therefore diagnosed as having hydrocephalus induced by overproduction of CSF, which was controlled by resection of the choroid plexus. Histological examination showed the structure typical of normal choroid plexus. This is a rare case of villous hypertrophy of the choroid plexus in which MR imaging assisted in the diagnosis.

External hydrocephalus in adults

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
érico R. Cardoso ◽  
Romaine Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
External Hydrocephalus ◽  
Csf Shunting ◽  
Fluid Collections ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors report three adult patients who developed a symptomatic extraaxial collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after an intracranial hemorrhage. The fluid shifted from the extraaxial into the ventricular space as the patients' symptoms progressed. The symptoms resolved after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. External hydrocephalus, which is frequently observed in children, had not yet been described in adults. It is important to differentiate chronic subdural collections from external hydrocephalus, because ventricular CSF shunting increases the former while it is the treatment for the latter. The authors believe that symptomatic extraaxial fluid collections developed in these three adults during the early phase of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus because the ventricles presented great resistance to distention at the onset of hydrocephalus. Animal experiments have led to the same result.

Thermosensitive determination of patency in lumboperitoneal shunts

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Ishiwata ◽  
Yasuhiro Chiba ◽  
Toshinori Yamashita ◽  
Gakuji Gondo ◽  
Kaoru Ide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts ◽  
Upward Deflection ◽  
Shunt Tubing ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Surface cooling and thermistor recording over shunt tubing was used in 23 studies of cerebrospinal fluid shunt patency in 19 patients with lumboperitoneal shunts and normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Shunt patency was shown by downward reflection of the recording trace similar to that obtained for ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Obstruction was demonstrated by a flat-line recording or an upward deflection.

Radionuclide estimation of cerebrospinal fluid shunt flow

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Kuruc ◽  
Salvador Treves ◽  
Keasley Welch ◽  
Denise Merlino
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Exponential Method ◽  
Disappearance Curve ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Flow of cerebrospinal fluid through a surgically implanted valve may be estimated by analyzing the disappearance curve resulting from the injection of a radiotracer into the valve. The standard method for estimating flow assumes an exponential disappearance of the tracer from the valve. This method models the valve as a single well-mixed compartment. Experimental evidence, showing that estimates of flow were dependent upon the site of injection, is at variance with this assumption. An alternative method of analyzing the disappearance curves, based on the area to height ratio (A/H) of the curves, was found to be more consistent with the experimental evidence and resulted in greater precision than the exponential method. It was concluded that optimal results are obtained using the A/H method with a fixed injection technique.

Peritoneal cerebrospinal fluid shunt insertion: a technique for protection of the abdominal catheter

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Piatt
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Abdominal Wound ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Shunt Insertion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A minor modification of the technique of peritoneal cerebrospinal fluid shunt insertion allows more anatomical closure of the abdominal wound and may protect the shunt from contamination by superficial abdominal wound infection.

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