Monolayer Tissue Cultures. II. Poliomyelitis Virus Assay in Roller Tube Cultures of Trypsin-Dispersed Monkey Kidney.

1954 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Youngner
1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Beale ◽  
Patricia F. Stevens ◽  
Norma Davis ◽  
W. Stackiw ◽  
A. J. Rhodes

A cytoplasmic inclusion body has been found in the epithelial cells of monkey kidney grown in tissue culture and infected with poliomyelitis virus. This inclusion is at first closely applied to the nucleus, and later develops into a clearly demarcated structure. The nucleus is pushed to the periphery of the cell and becomes pyknotic. Finally, the cytoplasm around the inclusion becomes vacuolated, and the cell breaks up at about the time virus first appears in the fluid part of the infected tissue cultures. Multiple small intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies have also been found in some cells that contain cytoplasmic inclusions.


1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.


1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.


1958 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Evelyn M. Spake
Keyword(s):  

1966 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soussan Mohajer ◽  
Janis Gabliks

The role of methionine in poliovirus infection in HeLa and monkey kidney cells was investigated by using the methionine analogue l-ethionine. In the presence of 2.0 x 10–3 and 4.0 x 10–3 moles ethionine, the growth of HeLa and monkey kidney cells was significantly inhibited. Under the same experimental conditions, ethionine had no significant effect on the biosynthesis of two strains of poliovirus (Mahoney and Lansing) in HeLa cells, whereas in primary monkey kidney cells, it markedly inhibited the biosynthesis of the Lansing strain of poliovirus. HeLa cells partly depleted of their intracellular amino acids did not change the rate of viral biosynthesis. The inhibitory effect of ethionine on cell growth and viral biosynthesis was reversed by addition of an excess of l-methionine.


1952 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
A. E. Franklin ◽  
E. M. Clark ◽  
D. Duncan ◽  
A. J. Rhodes

1954 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dulbecco ◽  
Marguerite Vogt

Plaques have been produced with the three types of poliomyelitis viruses on monolayer tissue cultures of monkey kidney and monkey testis. The number of plaques was proportional to the concentration of the virus. Each plaque originates, therefore, from a single virus particle, defined as the virus unit that is unseparable by dilution. The plaques are due to the specific action of the virus since they are suppressed by type-specific antiserum. Pure virus lines were established by isolating the virus population produced in single plaques. These derived virus lines had the same morphological, serological, and pathogenic properties as the parent strain. High titer virus stocks, with titers up to 7 x 108 plaque-forming particles per ml., were obtained.


1958 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Kovacs

Es wurden zwei verschiedene Thymo-nucleodepolymerasen viskosimetrisch in Gewebekultur nachgewiesen. Bei beiden Fermenten beobachteten wir eine Aktivitätsabnahme nach Infizierung der Gewebekultur mit Poliomyelitis-Virus. In gleicher Weise hemmt virushaltige Flüssigkeit aus Gewebekultur die Aktivität kristalliner DNA-se von Kalbspankreas und die Aktivität der DNA-sen im Affennieren-Homogenat. Die Fermenthemmung im Organbrei war am größten. Die Versuche zeigen, daß die Hemmwirkung in den 3 verschiedenen Systemen (infizierte Gewebekultur, kristallisierte DNA-se, ungereinigter Organextrakt) ähnlicher Natur sind. Sie scheint von spezifischen und allgemeinen Inhibitoren verursacht zu sein. Während des durch die Viren bedingten Zellzerfalles beobachteten wir eine geringe temporäre Zunahme der DNA-ase-Aktivität; dann folgte die irreversible Abnahme. Die theoretische Bedeutung der Befunde wurde besprochen.Two distinct thymonucleo-depolymerases were demonstrated in tissue cultures (TC), by viscosimetric techniques. An inhibition of their activity was found after virus inoculation and multiplication, in vitro. A similar depressive effect of virus-infected culture fluids was detected upon addition to crystalline DNA-ase of beef-pancreas or to crude enzymes of Rhesus kidney homogenate. The inhibition was more marked in the latter. These assays suggest that the analogous processes observed in the three different testsystems (infected cultivated cells, crystalline DNA-ase, unpurified tissueextract), are of similar nature. The decrease of DNA-ase activity seems to be caused by the presence of specific and general enzyme-inhibitors. During disintegration of the cells due to the cytopathogenic effect of the virus, a small, temporary rise of DNA-ase activities may be found, followed by irreversible loss of these nucleases. Theoretical bearings of the findings were discussed.


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