From the History of the Sakhalin Ainu – Forced Migrants, 1875–1948

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-135
Author(s):  
Sofya Lim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of ◽  
Forced Migrants

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Adam Teller
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Ethical Challenge ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Jewish Refugees ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forced Migrants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Refugee Issues

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the refugee crisis that occurred in the mid-seventeenth century, when a huge wave of Jewish refugees and forced migrants from eastern Europe spread across the Jewish communities of Europe and Asia. Destitute, often traumatized by their experiences, and lacking any means of support, these refugees posed a huge social, economic, and ethical challenge to the Jewish world of their day. Communities across that world, touched by the crisis, answered this challenge in unprecedented ways and, both individually and jointly, began to organize relief for the Polish–Lithuanian Jews wherever they now found themselves. This book examines this refugee crisis in detail. At its heart are three major questions. The first asks how Jewish society reacted to the persecution and violence suffered by the Jews of Poland–Lithuania. The second question asks about the character of the relationship between the various Jewish communities that cooperated to help the refugees. The third question deals with how the nature of the refugee crisis in the seventeenth century may have something to contribute to the ways in which people understand the history of refugee issues in general.

scholarly journals Forgotten Forced Migrants of War: Civilian Internment of Japanese in British India, 1941–6

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942199791
Author(s):  
Christine de Matos ◽  
Rowena Ward
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Second World War ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
British India ◽  
World War ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forced Migrants ◽  
Second World

The Second World War saw extraordinary movements of people, before, during and afterwards. Civilian internees are rarely considered part of this, and especially not those in South and Southeast Asia. Between December 1941 and May 1946, nearly 2700 Japanese civilians and colonial subjects from across Japan’s empire were interned in camps in British India. Mainly residents of Singapore and Malaya, these civilians were arrested and transferred by ship and train to India, where they were interned for all or part of the war. Their first ‘temporary’ camp was in Purana Qila, the Old Fort in New Delhi, from where some were repatriated to Japan in August 1942 as part of the Anglo-Japanese Civilian Exchange. The remaining civilians were moved to a more permanent camp at Deoli (Ajmer) in 1943. The internees experienced several hardships, including inadequate accommodation and disease. To date, little has been written about these internees and their journeys, especially in English. Weaving together archival sources, internee memoirs and non-English publications, this article seeks to reveal the experience of incarceration on internees in British India as forced migrants of war, and to consider reasons why the history of these internees remains largely invisible.

scholarly journals Human Mobility Towards Turkey: A Retrospective Endeavor to Understand

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-74
Author(s):  
Merve Suzan ILIK BİLBEN
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
First Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forced Migrants ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Global World ◽  
History Of Migration ◽  
Target Country

Last decade, Turkey experienced the most extensive migration raids in its history. The transition of Turkey from a migrant-sending country to a transit and target country is one of the most referenced periodization practices in the literature. However, Anatolia has a history of migration with very different experiences by its location. Human mobility is inherent to the structure of this geography, even though its quality and quantity have changed and transformed in the historical process. Therefore, it is important to understand that Turkey, which is home to the most significant number of forced migrants in the twenty-first century, is historically a country of migration. Hence, in this article that attempts to understand human mobility towards Turkey, we have focused on Turkey's changing position on the international migration scheme after summarizing the migration flows before and during the republic period to capture the holistic perspective. Based on the current research, reports, and statistical data, this article seeks a better understanding of the possibility and sustainability of social cohesion and integration in Turkey, in a global world characterized by uncertainties, risks, and pursuits.

scholarly journals Reluctant Refuge: An Activist Archaeological Approach to Alternative Refugee Shelter in Athens (Greece)

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Kiddey
Keyword(s):  
Actual Number ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forced Migrants ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Approach

AbstractThe effect of the mismatch between the numbers of forced migrants that host governments are prepared to deal with and the actual number of those seeking refuge is that many forced migrants must find what I term ‘reluctant’ refuge—precarious, unofficial shelter. In this article, I first theorize ‘reluctance’, before introducing the concept of archaeology of the contemporary world in order to establish what makes fieldwork drawn on explicitly archaeological. Following this, I offer a concise history of the current political situation in Athens before describing my methodology. I then provide three ‘portraits’ of sites of temporary refugee shelter in the city—a squat, a non-governmental organization-managed hotel and a co-operative day centre—and discuss how these inter-relate to form a landscape of reluctant refugee shelter. The article contributes an explicitly ‘translational’ (Zimmerman et al. 2010) view of how experiences of shelter affect and shape forced displacement in Athens.

Forced Migration, the Refugee Regime and the Responsibility to Protect

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Martin
Keyword(s):  
Forced Migration ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
International Community ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
International Protection ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
International Borders ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forced Migrants

AbstractForced migration has many causes and takes many forms. People leave because of persecution, human rights violations, repression, conflict, natural and human-made disasters, and environmental hazards. Through most of the 20th century, international protection was focused—if at all—on persons who had crossed international borders in seek of refuge from war and persecution. This article asks if the responsibility to protect concept—applied heretofore to persons displaced by conflict and repression—could usefully provide a framework for determining who among the broader category of forced migrants should be of concern to the international community. It sets out criteria under which the refugee regime would appropriately be the mechanism through which the international community would respond to these new displacements. I argue that the UN High Commissioner for Refugees has evolved to protect persons whose own governments cannot or will not provide such protection. Other UN and international agencies, such as the International Organization for Migration, have a demonstrated capacity to provide assistance to persons displaced by natural disasters and environmental hazards, but only UNHCR has a history of providing protection to displaced populations.To the extent that States are unwilling to protect their own citizens who are displaced from these causes, the refugee regime would legitimately have a role to play in advocating for and, when possible, assisting and protecting these forced migrants.

scholarly journals Industrial Life in a Limiting Landscape: An Environmental Interpretation of Stalinist Social Conditions in the Far North

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (S18) ◽  
pp. 153-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Social History ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Mining Town ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Industrial Project ◽  
Far North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forced Migrants

SummaryThis paper offers an environmental history of a group of forced migrants who were sent to work on a Soviet industrial project in the far north during the 1930s. As part of the drive to industrialize the country rapidly, the Soviet state deported thousands of peasants who had been declared class enemies to the previously desolate Khibiny Mountains in order to serve as the labor force for a new socialist mining town. These forced migrants became known as “special settlers”. I argue that the integration of the environment as a dynamic force in the social history of Stalinism enriches current explanations for why the Soviet state was often unable to carry out its intentions during industrialization. I also maintain that through the pursuit of the global process of industrialization, the Soviet government contributed to making the special settlers in the Khibiny Mountains vulnerable to natural hazards.

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