The content of nitric oxide and S-nitrosothiols in rats’ liver cells under the different supplementation of macronutrient

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Halyna Kopylchuk ◽  
Ivanna Nykolaichuk ◽  
Olesiia Kuziak

This paper presents studies of nitric oxide and low-molecular S-nitrosothiols in the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions of the rats' liver under the conditions of, alimentary protein deprivation, consumption of excess sucrose content and combined action of two adverse factors. In order to model the low-protein diet of the animal for 28 days received an isocaloric diet containing 4.7% protein, 10% fat, 81,3% carbohydrates (starch – 37%, sucrose – 30%, cellulose – 5%) and was calculated in accordance with the recommendations of the American Institute of Nutrition. The high-sugar diet consisted of 14% protein, 10% fat, 72% carbohydrates (starch – 37%, sucrose – 30%, cellulose – 5%). The mitochondrial and cytosolic fraction of rat liver cells were obtained by the method of differential centrifugation. Nitrogen oxide content was assessed by a unified method by determining the NO2- content, which is a stable metabolite of nitric oxide. Since NO is inactivated into an oxidase reaction with the conversion into nitrite or nitrate that is quickly metabolized, the nitrogen oxide content was assessed by the change in NO2-. The concentration of S-nitrosothiols was recorded, respectively, by determining the concentration of nitrite anion before and after the addition of Hg2+ ions, which by modifying the S – N bonds catalyzes the release of S-nitrosyl thiols of nitric oxide. An increase in NO content in both hepatic subcellular fractions of the rats’ experimental groups compared to control values was found. However, a lack of protein in the diet (protein deficiency in the diet leads to an increase in nitric oxide levels in 3-4 times) can be considered as a key factor in the recorded changes in the mitochondria of the animals’ liver, while in the cytosol - excessive consumption of sucrose (3-5 times increase). Regarding the level of S-nitrosothiols, in the studied fractions, multidirectional changes in their concentration were found. Thus, an increase in the content of nitrosyl derivatives in the mitochondria of rat’s liver cells with a simultaneous decrease in their level in the cytosol indicates dysmetabolic disorders in the transport system and deposition of nitric oxide, which can lead to the development of nitrosative stress under the experimental conditions.

2004 ◽  
Vol 385 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Ridnour ◽  
D. D. Thomas ◽  
D. Mancardi ◽  
M. G. Espey ◽  
K. M. Miranda ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Qu ◽  
Lida Cheng ◽  
Anna L. Dill ◽  
Joseph E. Saavedra ◽  
Sam Y. Hong ◽  
...  

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (5) ◽  
pp. G943-G950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa E. Fagan ◽  
Andrea Romani

The administration of selective α1 (phenylephrine)-, β (isoproterenol)-, or mixed (epinephrine) adrenergic agonists induces a marked Mg2+extrusion from perfused rat livers. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, phenylephrine does not induce a detectable Mg2+ extrusion, isoproterenol-induced Mg2+mobilization is unaffected, and epinephrine induces a net Mg2+ extrusion that is lower than in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and quantitatively similar to that elicited by isoproterenol. In the absence of extracellular Na+, no Mg2+ is extruded from the liver irrespective of the agonist used. Similar results are observed in perfused livers stimulated by glucagon or 8-chloroadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate. In the absence of extracellular Na+ or Ca2+, adrenergic-induced glucose extrusion from the liver is also markedly decreased. Together, these results indicate that liver cells extrude Mg2+ primarily via a Na+-dependent mechanism. This extrusion pathway can be activated by the increase in cellular cAMP that follows the stimulation by glucagon or a specific β-adrenergic receptor agonist or, alternatively, by the changes in cellular Ca2+ induced by the stimulation of the α1-adrenoceptor. In addition, the stimulation of the α1-adrenoceptor appears to activate an auxiliary Ca2+-dependent Mg2+extrusion pathway. Finally, our data suggest that experimental conditions that affect Mg2+ mobilization also interfere with glucose extrusion from liver cells.


1981 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Berthon ◽  
Josiane Poggioli ◽  
Thierry Capiod ◽  
Michel Claret

Ca2+ movements triggered by noradrenaline were determined in isolated cells and mitochondria from rat livers. It has been shown that these depend on experimental conditions. In cells incubated in 1.8mm-Ca2+, results suggest that noradrenaline mobilizes Ca2+ from reticulum before releasing Ca2+ from mitochondria.


2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Procházková ◽  
D. Haisel ◽  
D. Pavlíková ◽  
R. Schnablová ◽  
J. Száková ◽  
...  

We studied changes of endogenous nitric oxide content (NO) and of reactive nitrogen species metabolism in transgenic tobacco with prolonged life span (SAG) and in wild tobacco (WT) cultivated in the control and in the polluted soil. There was no difference in the metal accumulation between WT and SAG plants however SAG ones showed better ability to cope with risk elements, as they retained higher membrane stability index and chlorophyll content together with better photochemical efficiency and lower deepoxidation status. Risk elements induced higher NO production in the youngest leaves of both plant types. Low and middle leaves of both WT and SAG plants showed similar activities of nitrate reductase and nitrosoglutathione reductase. Increase of nitrotyrosine content in leaf soluble proteins suggests that risk elements induced nitrosative stress in both plant types.


2007 ◽  
Vol 161 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xia Chen ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Sheng Shui Hu

Author(s):  
Robert R. Cardell

Hypophysectomy of the rat renders this animal deficient in the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland, thus causing many primary and secondary hormonal effects on basic liver functions. Biochemical studies of these alterations in the rat liver cell are quite extensive; however, relatively few morphological observations on such cells have been recorded. Because the available biochemical information was derived mostly from disrupted and fractionated liver cells, it seemed desirable to examine the problem with the techniques of electron microscopy in order to see what changes are apparent in the intact liver cell after hypophysectomy. Accordingly, liver cells from rats which had been hypophysectomized 5-120 days before sacrifice were studied. Sham-operated rats served as controls and both hypophysectomized and control rats were fasted 15 hours before sacrifice.


2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Ock Pae ◽  
Hong-Gone Kim ◽  
Young-Suk Paik ◽  
Sang-Gi Paik ◽  
Young-Myeong Kim ◽  
...  

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