A systematic analysis of the undrained stress–strain behavior of clay under irregular cyclic simple shear loading is presented. Seven specimens of an offshore clay consolidated to overconsolidation ratios of 1, 2, and 4 were subjected to different combinations of variable and nonsymmetric cyclic amplitudes using the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) direct simple shear device. The test results show that (1) the behavior under such loads is influenced by several different factors, (2) among these factors the loading history and cyclic stiffness degradation are predominant, and (3) the irregular cyclic loading stress–strain curves can be described quite well by five rules that incorporate only these two factors. Four out of these five rules are the extensions of two original and two extended Masing rules to the behaviour of cyclically degrading clay. The fifth rule is new. The effects of the S-shaping of the stress–strain curves and the rate of loading on the applicability of the rules are also discussed. The stress–strain curves are presented in the normalized form with respect to the vertical effective consolidation stress. In this form they show quantitatively the same trends, indicating that such normalization is applicable to irregular cyclic loading. Key words: clay, earthquake loading, laboratory test, ocean soil, overconsolidation, simple shear test, soil dynamics, strain rate effect, repeated loading.
Stress-Strain Behavior of Sand under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading in General Stress System and Its Elastoplastic Modeling
