Hippocampo-Horn Percentage and Parietal Atrophy Score for Easy Visual Assessment of Brain Atrophy on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visual scales of brain atrophy are important for differential diagnosis of dementias in routine clinical practice. Atrophy patterns in early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be different according to some studies. Objective: Our goal was to assess brain atrophy patterns in early- and late-onset AD using our recently developed simple MRI visual scales and evaluate their reliability. Methods: We used Hippocampo-horn percentage (Hip-hop) and Parietal Atrophy Score (PAS) to compare mediotemporal and parietal atrophy on brain MRI among 4 groups: 26 patients with early-onset AD, 21 younger cognitively normal persons, 32 patients with late-onset AD, 36 older cognitively normal persons. Two raters scored all brain MRI to assess reliability of the Hip-hop and PAS. Brain MRI were obtained from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Results: The patients with early-onset AD had significantly more pronounced mediotemporal and also parietal atrophy bilaterally compared to the controls (both p < 0.01). The patients with late-onset AD had significantly more pronounced only mediotemporal atrophy bilaterally compared to the controls (p < 0.000001), but parietal lobes were the same. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of both visual scales Hip-hop and PAS were almost perfect in all cases (weighted-kappa value ranged from 0.90 to 0.99). Conclusion: While mediotemporal atrophy detected using Hip-hop is universal across whole AD age spectrum, parietal atrophy detected using PAS is worth rating only in early-onset AD. Hip-hop and PAS are very reliable MRI visual scales.

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P2-200 Patterns of brain atrophy in early-onset versus late-onset Alzheimer's disease: relevance of posterior cingulate atrophy

Neurobiology of Aging ◽

10.1016/s0197-4580(04)80946-1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. S285-S286

Author(s):

Giorgos Karas ◽

Philip Scheltens ◽

Serge Rombouts ◽

Ronald van Schijndel ◽

Frederik Barkhof

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Brain Atrophy ◽

Early Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

Posterior Cingulate ◽

Disease Relevance

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Magnetic resonance imaging showing parietal atrophy of the brain in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease

Česká a slovenská neurologie a neurochirurgie ◽

10.14735/amcsnn201991 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 82/115 (1) ◽

pp. 91-95

Author(s):

David Šilhán ◽

Ibrahim Ibrahim ◽

Jaroslav Tintěra ◽

Aleš Bartoš

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Late Onset ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

The Brain

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Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of depression in early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00106-1 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 44 (7) ◽

pp. 592-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Laura M Clark ◽

William M McDonald ◽

Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer ◽

Ilene C Siegler ◽

Deborah V Dawson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Late Onset ◽

Resonance Imaging

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Patients with Alzheimer's disease have increased cellular amyloid uptake

10.1101/2022.01.12.22269196 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Dmitry V Zaretsky ◽

Maria V Zaretskaia ◽

Yaroslav I Molkov

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Early Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

Cognitively Normal ◽

Intracellular Degradation ◽

Estimated Parameters ◽

Amyloid Aβ ◽

Using Data

Amyloid plaques are the main signature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Beta-amyloid (Aβ) concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-Aβ) and the density of amyloid depositions have a strong negative correlation. However, AD patients have lower CSF-Aβ levels compared to cognitively normal people even after accounting for this correlation. The goal of this study was to infer variations of parameters in Aβ metabolism of AD patients that underlie this difference using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort. We found that AD patients had dramatically increased rates of cellular amyloid uptake compared to individuals with normal cognition (NC). A group with late-onset mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) also exhibited stronger amyloid uptake, however this was less pronounced than in the AD group. Estimated parameters in the early-onset MCI group did not differ significantly from those in the NC group. Aβ cytotoxicity depends on both the amount of peptide internalized by cells and its intracellular degradation into toxic products. Based on our results, we speculate that AD and LMCI are associated with increased cellular amyloid uptake which leads to faster disease progression, whereas the early-onset MCI may be mediated by the increased production of toxic amyloid metabolites.

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Effects of Alzheimer’s and Vascular Pathologies on Structural Connectivity in Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2021.606600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Wha Jin Lee ◽

Cindy W. Yoon ◽

Sung-Woo Kim ◽

Hye Jin Jeong ◽

Seongho Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

White Matter ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

White Matter Hyperintensities ◽

Late Onset ◽

Structural Connectivity ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

White Matter Connectivity

Early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients often exhibit distinct features. We sought to compare overall white matter connectivity and evaluate the pathological factors (amyloid, tau, and vascular pathologies) that affect the disruption of connectivity in these two groups. A total of 50 early- and 38 late-onset AD patients, as well as age-matched cognitively normal participants, were enrolled and underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to construct fractional anisotropy-weighted white matter connectivity maps. [18F]-THK5351 PET, [18F]-Flutemetamol PET, and magnetic resonance imaging were used for the evaluation of tau and related astrogliosis, amyloid, and small vessel disease markers (lacunes and white matter hyperintensities). Cluster-based statistics was performed for connectivity comparisons and correlation analysis between connectivity disruption and the pathological markers. Both patient groups exhibited significantly disrupted connectivity compared to their control counterparts with distinct patterns. Only THK retention was related to connectivity disruption in early-onset AD patients, and this disruption showed correlations with most cognitive scores, while late-onset AD patients had disrupted connectivity correlated with amyloid deposition, white matter hyperintensities, and lacunes in which only a few cognitive scores showed associations. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of connectivity disruption and its effects on cognition are distinct between EOAD and LOAD.

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