An Intelligent cognitive sensing and detection strategy for medical telemetry networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
S. Surekha ◽  
Md. Zia Ur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Cognitive Radios ◽  
False Alarm Probability ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Radio Technology ◽  
Smart Hospitals ◽  
Medical Telemetry ◽  
Cognitive Radio Technology

In medical telemetry networks, cognitive radio technology is mostly used to avoid licensed spectrum underutilization and by providing access to unlicensed spectrum users without causing interference to primary users, this concept is widely used in development of smart hospitals and smart cities. In medical telemetry networks frequency spectrum concept is used for providing treatment to patients who are far away from hospitals. In cognitive radios, spectrum sensing concept is used in which energy detection method is mostly used because it is simple to implement. While measuring health care environments using cognitive radios probability detection, false alarm probability and threshold parameters are calculated. In this paper for identifying spectrum holes in spectrum sensing using energy detection, distributed diffusion non-negative least mean square algorithm is proposed. It gives better results compared to energy detection concept alone in terms of probability detection converged earlier. If number of nodes are increasing probability detection is decreased from one and move towards left and its SNR is around 1.5-2 dB with proposed method. Hence simulation results give better results in terms of sensing ability while measuring patient condition.

Adaptive Threshold Control for Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radios

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Ling ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Hong Wen ◽  
Pin-Han Ho ◽  
Zhiqiang Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cognitive Radios ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Adaptive Threshold ◽  
Threshold Control

scholarly journals Statistical Properties of Energy Detection for Spectrum Sensing by Using Estimated Noise Variance

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Li Hu ◽  
Pin-Han Ho ◽  
Limei Peng
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
False Alarm Probability ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Constant False Alarm Rate ◽  
Noise Variance ◽  
Total Noise ◽  
Noise Receiver

In energy detection for cognitive radio spectrum sensing, the noise variance is usually assumed given, by which a threshold is set to guarantee a desired constant false alarm rate (CFAR) or a constant detection rate (CDR). However, in practical situations, the exact information of noise variance is generally unavailable to a certain extent due to the fact that the total noise consists of time-varying thermal noise, receiver noise, and environmental noise, etc. Hence, setting the thresholds by using an estimated noise variance may result in different false alarm probabilities from the desired ones. In this paper, we analyze the basic statistical properties of the false alarm probability by using estimated noise variance, and propose a method to obtain more suitable CFAR thresholds for energy detection. Specifically, we first come up with explicit descriptions on the expectations of the resultant probability, and then analyze the upper bounds of their variance. Based on these theoretical preparations, a new method for precisely obtaining the CFAR thresholds is proposed in order to assure that the expected false alarm probability can be as close to the predetermined as possible. All analytical results derived in this paper are testified by corresponding numerical experiments.

Performance measurement of one-bit hard decision fusion scheme for cooperative spectrum sensing in CR

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
M. Al-Rawi
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
False Alarm Probability ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Decision Fusion ◽  
Probability Effect ◽  
Probability Number ◽  
Hard Decision

This paper measures the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing, over Rayleigh-fading channel and additive white Gaussian noise, based on one-bit hard decision scheme for both AND and OR rules. Three measures based on energy detection are considered including effect of false alarm probability, effect of number of users, and effect of number of samples. Simulation results show that the detection probability increases with increasing false alarm probability, number of users, and number of samples for both AND and OR rules. Also, the performance of OR rule is better than the performance of AND rule.

scholarly journals An Authentication Based Approach for Prevention of Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification Attacks in Cognitive Radio Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Marriwala ◽  
Himanshu Punj ◽  
Sunita Panda ◽  
Inderjeet Kaur ◽  
Deepak Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cognitive Radio Network ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Radio Network ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
Authentication Mechanism ◽  
Free Spectrum ◽  
Radio Technology ◽  
Cognitive Radio Technology

Abstract This is the era of Intelligent cognitive radio network technology that provides the available spectrum with efficient utilization. Cognitive Radio technology must promise to allow interference-free spectrum access by users. The paper discusses the several attacks and motives of attacks. The authentication mechanism role to prevent the attacks for hassle-free spectrum utilization is demonstrated. In this paper, resolving the cognitive network security issues by the authentication mechanism and the methods and need of authentication is discussed. This paper addresses the research challenges in the way of securing the cognitive radio network and countermeasures in CRN security strategies. Cognitive radio is an empowering innovation that guarantees to achieve spectrum utilization. In cognitive radio networks, several security threats affect the process of cognitive radio. Spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attack is most disruptive in which the malicious users degrade the decision-making process by sending the false sensing reports to data fusion centres thus preventing honest users from utilizing the spectrum. Hence, security is a very important issue in cognitive radio networks that needs to be addressed for proper utilization of available spectrum by the users. Cognitive radio technology must promise secure spectrum dynamic access to users. In this paper, to counter the SSDF attack, the trust-based security mechanism is demonstrated to authenticate the honest users and it is observed that the proposed framework in the MATLAB environment is efficient and able to detect malicious users. Cognitive radio technology is the strategy applied to the spectrum to make it efficient for wireless communication. The strategy is an intelligent way to access the spectrum as it can learn its environment and make decisions by easy adaptation of operating parameters. The multiple nodes scenario is a good perspective. Software-defined radio is an essential component of cognitive radio Here, secondary users can access the spectrum to primary users whenever their vacant spectrum is available. The initial step is to sense the spectrum available further steps are spectrum decision making, spectrum management, and spectrum mobility. The network is vulnerable to various attacks on spectrum sensing and policy protocols which lead to disturbing functionality of cognitive radio technology. The defence mechanism based on public-key cryptography is proposed in which PU is authenticated by appending signature provided to PU signal. Authentication with a tag to the primary users is another perspective proposed. CRN technology should provide integrity, confidentiality and authenticity to the users.

scholarly journals Review on The Performance of Softened Two-Bit Hard Combination Scheme for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Mohanad Abdulhamid
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
False Alarm Probability ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Combination Scheme ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Probability Number

Abstract This paper measures the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing, over Rayleigh fading channel and additive white Gaussian noise, based on softened two-bit hard combination scheme. Two measures based on energy detection are considered including effect of false alarm probability, and effect of number of users. Simulation results show that the detection probability increases with the increase of false alarm probability, number of users, and signal-to-noise-ratio.

scholarly journals Cooperative Spectrum Sensing with Selection Diversity Reception in Cognitive Radio

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Fusion Rule ◽  
Diversity Reception ◽  
Selection Diversity ◽  
Simulation Evaluation ◽  
Radio Technology ◽  
Cognitive Radio Technology

Spectrum sensing is the key component of cognitive radio technology. But, detection is compromised when a user reports shadowing or fading consequences. In such instances, the customer cannot apprehend between an unexploited band and a profound fade. Hence, communal spectrum sensing is suggested to optimize sensing overall performance. We recognition performance of communal Spectrum Sensing with Selection Diversity Reception in Cognitive Radio. This study presents a simulation evaluation of choice diversity Reception based totally on the fusion rule. The fusion rule is finished at the fusion center (FC) to make the very last selection about the presence of PU. This leads that spectrum sensing is enthusiastically in the presence of Rayleigh.

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