Question type and answer related keywords aware question generation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jianfei Zhang ◽  
Wenge Rong ◽  
Dali Chen ◽  
Zhang Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Question Type ◽  
Similarity Metrics ◽  
Question Generation ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
End To End ◽  
Diversity Enhancement

The traditional end-to-end Neural Question Generation (NQG) models tend to generate generic and bland questions, as there are two obscure points: 1) the modifications of the answer in the context can be used as the clues to the answer mentioned in the question, while they are generally not unique and can be used independently for generating diverse questions; 2) the same question content can also be asked in diverse ways, which depends on personal preference in practice. The above-mentioned two points are indeed two variables to conduct question generation, but they are not annotated in the original dataset and are thus ignored by the traditional end-to-end models. In this paper we propose a framework that clarifies those two points through two sub-modules to better conduct question generation. We take experiments based on the GPT-2 model and the SQuAD dataset, and prove that our framework can improve the performance measured by similarity metrics, while it also provides appropriate alternatives for controllable diversity enhancement.

scholarly journals Question-type Driven Question Generation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhou ◽  
Minghua Zhang ◽  
Yunfang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Question Type ◽  
Question Generation

scholarly journals A Question Type Driven Framework to Diversify Visual Question Generation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Fan ◽  
Zhongyu Wei ◽  
Piji Li ◽  
Yanyan Lan ◽  
Xuanjing Huang
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Question Type ◽  
Specific Question ◽  
Question Generation ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Single Question

Visual question generation aims at asking questions about an image automatically. Existing research works on this topic usually generate a single question for each given image without considering the issue of diversity. In this paper, we propose a question type driven framework to produce multiple questions for a given image with different focuses. In our framework, each question is constructed following the guidance of a sampled question type in a sequence-to-sequence fashion. To diversify the generated questions, a novel conditional variational auto-encoder is introduced to generate multiple questions with a specific question type. Moreover, we design a strategy to conduct the question type distribution learning for each image to select the final questions. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets show that our framework outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches in terms of both relevance and diversity.

scholarly journals Difficulty Controllable Generation of Reading Comprehension Questions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Gao ◽  
Lidong Bing ◽  
Wang Chen ◽  
Michael Lyu ◽  
Irwin King
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Question Generation ◽  
Text Fragment ◽  
End To End

We investigate the difficulty levels of questions in reading comprehension datasets such as SQuAD, and propose a new question generation setting, named Difficulty-controllable Question Generation (DQG). Taking as input a sentence in the reading comprehension paragraph and some of its text fragments (i.e., answers) that we want to ask questions about, a DQG method needs to generate questions each of which has a given text fragment as its answer, and meanwhile the generation is under the control of specified difficulty labels---the output questions should satisfy the specified difficulty as much as possible. To solve this task, we propose an end-to-end framework to generate questions of designated difficulty levels by exploring a few important intuitions. For evaluation, we prepared the first dataset of reading comprehension questions with difficulty labels. The results show that the question generated by our framework not only have better quality under the metrics like BLEU, but also comply with the specified difficulty labels.

scholarly journals Answer-Aware Question Generation from Tabular and Textual Data using T5

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Saichandra Pandraju ◽  
Sakthi Ganesh Mahalingam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Structured Data ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Question Generation ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Knowledge Graphs ◽  
End To End ◽  
Automatic Question Generation

Automatic Question Generation (AQG) systems are applied in a myriad of domains to generate questions from sources such as documents, images, knowledge graphs to name a few. With the rising interest in such AQG systems, it is equally important to recognize structured data like tables while generating questions from documents. In this paper, we propose a single model architecture for question generation from tables along with text using “Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer” (T5) - a fully end-to-end model which does not rely on any intermediate planning steps, delexicalization, or copy mechanisms. We also present our systematic approach in modifying the ToTTo dataset, release the augmented dataset as TabQGen along with the scores achieved using T5 as a baseline to aid further research.

scholarly journals Diversify Question Generation with Continuous Content Selectors and Question Type Modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Siwei Rao ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Zhen Qin ◽  
Guangjian Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Question Type ◽  
Question Generation

Neural Question Generation with Semantics of Question Type

2018 ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozheng Dong ◽  
Yu Hong ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Weikang Li ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Question Type ◽  
Question Generation

Surgical management of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Paweł Skóra ◽  
Jacek Kurcz ◽  
Krzysztof Korta ◽  
Przemysław Szyber ◽  
Tadeusz Andrzej Dorobisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Minor Stroke ◽  
Stroke Rate ◽  
Extracranial Carotid Artery ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
End To End ◽  
Dacron Patch ◽  
Major Stroke

Abstract. Background: We present the methods and results of the surgical management of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms (ECCA). Postoperative complications including early and late neurological events were analysed. Correlation between reconstruction techniques and morphology of ECCA was assessed in this retrospective study. Patients and methods: In total, 32 reconstructions of ECCA were performed in 31 symptomatic patients with a mean age of 59.2 (range 33 - 84) years. The causes of ECCA were divided among atherosclerosis (n = 25; 78.1 %), previous carotid endarterectomy with Dacron patch (n = 4; 12.5 %), iatrogenic injury (n = 2; 6.3 %) and infection (n = 1; 3.1 %). In 23 cases, intervention consisted of carotid bypass. Aneurysmectomy with end-to-end suture was performed in 4 cases. Aneurysmal resection with patching was done in 2 cases and aneurysmorrhaphy without patching in another 2 cases. In 1 case, ligature of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was required. Results: Technical success defined as the preservation of ICA patency was achieved in 31 cases (96.9 %). There was one perioperative death due to major stroke (3.1 %). Two cases of minor stroke occurred in the 30-day observation period (6.3 %). Three patients had a transient hypoglossal nerve palsy that subsided spontaneously (9.4 %). At a mean long-term follow-up of 68 months, there were no major or minor ipsilateral strokes or surgery-related deaths reported. In all 30 surviving patients (96.9 %), long-term clinical outcomes were free from ipsilateral neurological symptoms. Conclusions: Open surgery is a relatively safe method in the therapy of ECCA. Surgical repair of ECCAs can be associated with an acceptable major stroke rate and moderate minor stroke rate. Complication-free long-term outcomes can be achieved in as many as 96.9 % of patients. Aneurysmectomy with end-to-end anastomosis or bypass surgery can be implemented during open repair of ECCA.

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