Question type and answer related keywords aware question generation

The traditional end-to-end Neural Question Generation (NQG) models tend to generate generic and bland questions, as there are two obscure points: 1) the modifications of the answer in the context can be used as the clues to the answer mentioned in the question, while they are generally not unique and can be used independently for generating diverse questions; 2) the same question content can also be asked in diverse ways, which depends on personal preference in practice. The above-mentioned two points are indeed two variables to conduct question generation, but they are not annotated in the original dataset and are thus ignored by the traditional end-to-end models. In this paper we propose a framework that clarifies those two points through two sub-modules to better conduct question generation. We take experiments based on the GPT-2 model and the SQuAD dataset, and prove that our framework can improve the performance measured by similarity metrics, while it also provides appropriate alternatives for controllable diversity enhancement.

PENGARUH MUSIK KLASIK DAN PREFERENSI PRIBADI TERHADAP TEST ANXIETY DAN HASIL TES MEMBACA KOMPREHENSIF SISWA [THE EFFECT OF CLASSICAL MUSIC AND PERSONAL MUSIC PREFERENCE ON TEST ANXIETY AND READING COMPREHENSION TEST RESULTS]

<p class="1eAbstract-text">Music is part of human life. Studies show that music influences psychological, cognitive, behavior, and emotion sides of human being. Research shows that music also influences students’ performance on reading comprehension test and test anxiety level. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of classical and personal preference music on students’ reading comprehension test performance and test anxiety level at grade XII SMAK 4 PENABUR Jakarta. The experiment design of this study is Pretest Posttest Non-Randomly Assigned Design. The students in experiment group get a treatment that is listening to classical music fifteen minutes before and while doing reading comprehension test. Students in another experiment group get a treatment that is listening personal preference music fifteen minutes before and while doing reading comprehension test in English class. Mean obtained from pretest and posttest of experiment class will be compared with mean from pretest and posttest of control class to explain whether or not they are statistically different. The study shows that classical and personal preference music influence students’ reading comprehension performance and test anxiety. Study also shows that there is negative correlation between students’ test anxiety and reading comprehension performance.</p>

Structural Beauty: A Structure-Based Computational Approach to Quantifying the Beauty of an Image

To say that beauty is in the eye of the beholder means that beauty is largely subjective so varies from person to person. While the subjectivity view is commonly held, there is also an objectivity view that seeks to measure beauty or aesthetics in some quantitative manners. Christopher Alexander has long discovered that beauty or coherence highly correlates to the number of subsymmetries or substructures and demonstrated that there is a shared notion of beauty—structural beauty—among people and even different peoples, regardless of their faiths, cultures, and ethnicities. This notion of structural beauty arises directly out of living structure or wholeness, a physical and mathematical structure that underlies all space and matter. Based on the concept of living structure, this paper develops an approach for computing the structural beauty or life of an image (L) based on the number of automatically derived substructures (S) and their inherent hierarchy (H). To verify this approach, we conducted a series of case studies applied to eight pairs of images including Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa and Jackson Pollock’s Blue Poles. We discovered among others that Blue Poles is more structurally beautiful than the Mona Lisa, and traditional buildings are in general more structurally beautiful than their modernist counterparts. This finding implies that goodness of things or images is largely a matter of fact rather than an opinion or personal preference as conventionally conceived. The research on structural beauty has deep implications on many disciplines, where beauty or aesthetics is a major concern such as image understanding and computer vision, architecture and urban design, humanities and arts, neurophysiology, and psychology.

Uptake and Attitudes About Immunizations in People With Multiple Sclerosis

Objective:By surveying a multiple sclerosis (MS) population, we tested the hypothesis that influenza vaccine uptake would not meet public health targets in a large multiple and that vaccine misconceptions would contribute to lower than desired uptake.Methods:In Spring 2020, we surveyed participants in the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) Registry regarding vaccinations. Participants reported whether they had received hepatitis A, hepatitis B, pneumococcal, shingles, varicella, measles/mumps/rubella, tetanus or influenza vaccines. Participants who had not received influenza vaccine last year reported why not. We summarized responses descriptively. Using multivariable logistic regression, we assessed participant characteristics associated with uptake of seasonal influenza vaccine.Results:Of 5,244 eligible respondents, 80.8% were female, with a mean (SD) age of 61.8 (10.1) years. Overall, 43.0% (2161/5032) of participants reported that their neurologist had ever asked about their immunization history. The percentage of participants who received the seasonal flu vaccine last year ranged from 59.1% among those aged 18-24 to 79.9% for persons aged ≥65 years. Among those who did not get the influenza vaccination those most common reasons were personal preference (29.6%), concerns about possible adverse effects in general (29.3%), and concerns that the vaccine would worsen their MS (23.7%).Conclusion:Vaccination uptake is lower than desired in the MS population as compared to existing recommendations, including for seasonal influenza. Misconceptions about the safety of vaccination in the context of MS and personal preference appear to play important roles in vaccination choices, highlighting the importance of education about these issues.

Metacognitive Labeling of Contentious Claims: Facts, Opinions, and Conspiracy Theories

Congenial information is often judged to be more valid than uncongenial (but otherwise equivalent) information. The present research explores a related possibility concerning the process by which people label a claim as fundamentally factual (open to proof or disproof) or opinion (a matter of personal preference not amenable to falsification). Rather than merely being more skeptical of uncongenial claims, uncongenial claims may be metacognitively categorized as more opinion than factual, while congenial claims may be more likely to be categorized as factual. The two studies reported here attempt to trace a preliminary outline of how claims are categorized as fact, opinion, or some mix of the two in the context of mundane claims, contentious political issues, and conspiracy theories. The findings suggest that claims are more likely to be labeled factual (and, to a lesser extent, are less likely to be labeled opinion) to the extent that one subjectively agrees with the content of the claim. Conspiracy theories appear to occupy a middle-ground between fact and opinion. This metacognitive approach may help shed light on popular debate about conspiracy theories, as well as seemingly intractable political disagreements more generally, which may reflect fundamental differences in the perceived epistemic foundations of claims rather than simple disagreement over the facts of the matter. Given limitations of the stimuli and participant samples, however, it remains to be seen how generalizable these findings are.

Home scholarly culture, book selection reason, and academic performance: Pathways to book reading interest among secondary school students

Book reading has long been one of the fundamental components contributing to individuals’ cognitive development and societies’ sustainable development. Although many studies have been conducted to explore the predictors of book reading interest among children, little is known about the underlying mechanism that helps children become interested in reading books. Thus, this study attempt to demonstrate: 1) how secondary school students’ book-reading interest is driven by home scholarly culture (parental book reading) and preferred book selection reason (by recommendation or personal preference), and 2) how students with distinct academic achievements are differently influenced. Three major findings were obtained performing Bayesian analysis on a dataset of 4,966 Vietnamese secondary students: (i) Reading interest is positively associated with a book recommendation and parental book reading activity; (ii) High-achieving students are most likely to be more interested in reading a book if they can choose preferred books according to personal preference; (iii) Parental book reading activity can promote book reading interest with both recommendation and understanding children’s personal preferences. From these results, we advocate for a more personalized educational approach in policymaking, curriculum design, and home intellectual culture based on students’ ability and perception.

When and How to Treat Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

The treatment landscape for relapsed multiple myeloma has expanded considerably in recent years, as numerous agents with new mechanisms of action have been introduced, increasing responses even in advanced disease and prolonging survival. The wealth of novel regimens comes with the challenges of balancing toxicities and aligning a regimen with the biology of the myeloma and the nature of the relapse in conjunction with patient treatment history and personal preference. Herein, we provide an overview of treatment options for both early and late relapsing disease as well as a discussion of the role of emerging immune-based therapies.