scholarly journals The importance of Arabidopsis seed mutants in the elucidation of the molecular basis of Endosperm Balance Number in tuberbearing Solanum species

BIOCELL ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-421
Author(s):  
P. CORNEJO ◽  
E.L. CAMADRO ◽  
R.W. MASUELLI
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Endosperm Balance Number ◽  
Arabidopsis Seed

The Role of 2n Gametes and Endosperm Balance Number in the Origin and Evolution of Polyploids in the Tuber-Bearing Solanums

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Carputo ◽  
Luigi Frusciante ◽  
Stanley J Peloquin
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
2N Gametes ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Endosperm Balance Number ◽  
Sexual Polyploidization ◽  
Ancestral Species ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Bilateral Sexual Polyploidization ◽  
2N Gamete

Abstract Polyploidization has played a major role in the origin and evolution of polyploid species. In this article we outline the unique characteristics of 2n gametes and implications of their participation in the evolution of polyploid Solanum species. The genetic consequences of 2n gametes indicate that sexual polyploidization results in greater variability, fitness, and heterozygosity than does somatic doubling. Further, the mechanisms of 2n gamete formation and the frequency of 2n gamete-forming genes in present polyploids and their ancestral species provide additional evidence of their involvement. Equally important is the endosperm, via the endosperm balance number (EBN) incompatibility system, in complementing the role of 2n gametes. In fact, the EBN system acts as a screen for either 1n or 2n gametes, depending on the EBN and chromosome numbers of parental species. EBN in combination with 2n gametes maintains the ploidy integrity of diploid ancestral species, while providing the flexibility for either unilateral or bilateral sexual polyploidization.

Allelism of Endosperm Balance Number (EBN) in Mexican tuber-bearing Solanum species

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Bamberg ◽  
R. E. Hanneman
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Species ◽  
Endosperm Balance Number

Mitotic-cycle time and the development of embryo and endosperm in compatible and incompatible crosses in tuber-bearing Solanum species

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
R W Masuelli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Endosperm Balance Number ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Cell Doubling Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Solanum Spp

To understand the relationship between early seed development and the EBN (endosperm balance number) hypothesis, the embryo and endosperm growth rates in crosses among Solanum spp. with the same and different EBNs were analyzed. For the embryo, the differences in the mean cell-doubling time (MCDT) between the compatible species 2x Solanum gourlayi and Solanum acaule was 3.9 h, whereas the incompatible species Solanum commersonii had MCDT differences of 10 and 13.9 h with 2x S. gourlayi and S. acaule, respectively. The embryo growth rates of the 2EBN species S. acaule and S. gourlayi were almost twice as fast as that of the 1EBN species S. commersonii. Nuclei of variable sizes were observed in the endosperms resulting from incompatible crosses. The author discusses the possibility that the collapse of the endosperm in inter-EBN crosses could be caused by differences in the MCDT between the parents that produce hybrid endosperms with high levels of DNA synthesis and transcription activity, resulting in increased nuclear size. A model is proposed to explain the formation of enlarged endosperm nuclei in incompatible crosses in the genus Solanum.Key words: mean cell-doubling time, endosperm balance number, Solanum, endosperm, embryo.

The importance of Endosperm Balance Number in potato breeding and the evolution of tuber-bearing Solanum species

Euphytica ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodomiro Ortiz ◽  
Mark K. Ehlenfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Endosperm Balance Number

Manipulations of Endosperm Balance Number Overcome Crossing Barriers Between Diploid Solanum Species

Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 217 (4558) ◽  
pp. 446-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. JOHNSTON ◽  
R. E. HANNEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Species ◽  
Endosperm Balance Number ◽  
Crossing Barriers

Renilla Bioluminescence: A Morphologic Approach to the Location of Photocytes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Ben O. Spurlock ◽  
Milton J. Cormier
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Chemical Basis ◽  
Electronic Excited State ◽  
Colonial Form ◽  
The Common ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

The phenomenon of bioluminescence has fascinated layman and scientist alike for many centuries. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries a number of observations were reported on the physiology of bioluminescence in Renilla, the common sea pansy. More recently biochemists have directed their attention to the molecular basis of luminosity in this colonial form. These studies have centered primarily on defining the chemical basis for bioluminescence and its control. It is now established that bioluminescence in Renilla arises due to the luciferase-catalyzed oxidation of luciferin. This results in the creation of a product (oxyluciferin) in an electronic excited state. The transition of oxyluciferin from its excited state to the ground state leads to light emission.

Androgen-induced plasticity at a “vocal” neuromuscular synapse

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Darcy B. Kelley ◽  
Martha L. Tobias ◽  
Mark Ellisman
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Neuromuscular Synapse ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Intracellular Protein ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Androgen Action ◽  
Clawed Frog

Brain and muscle are sexually differentiated tissues in which masculinization is controlled by the secretion of androgens from the testes. Sensitivity to androgen is conferred by the expression of an intracellular protein, the androgen receptor. A central problem of sexual differentiation is thus to understand the cellular and molecular basis of androgen action. We do not understand how hormone occupancy of a receptor translates into an alteration in the developmental program of the target cell. Our studies on sexual differentiation of brain and muscle in Xenopus laevis are designed to explore the molecular basis of androgen induced sexual differentiation by examining how this hormone controls the masculinization of brain and muscle targets.Our approach to this problem has focused on a highly androgen sensitive, sexually dimorphic neuromuscular system: laryngeal muscles and motor neurons of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. We have been studying sex differences at a synapse, the laryngeal neuromuscular junction, which mediates sexually dimorphic vocal behavior in Xenopus laevis frogs.

A molecular basis for opiate action

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Massotte ◽  
Brigitte L. Kieffer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis

Treatment of severe endometriosis with an aromatase inhibitor: A novel indication and its molecular basis

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 96A-96A ◽  
Author(s):  
K ZEITOUN ◽  
K TAKAYAMA ◽  
R GUNBY ◽  
B CARR ◽  
S BULUN
Keyword(s):  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Molecular Basis
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