Mengukur Potensi Bahaya dan Resiko Kecelakaan Kerja dengan Metode Hazard and Operabillity Study pada Aktivitas Maintenance

Work accidents are things that must be avoided, so that's not inflicted loss on the company and the workers. However, several workers still not pay attention to occupational health and safety regulations and in the work area still found several potential hazards. The research is conducted at PT Pindo Deli Pulp and Paper Mills Indonesia in Karawang Regency and focuses on preventive and corrective maintenance activities that prevent paper machine breakdown. The purpose of this study is to measure how big the potential hazard and impact by using Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) method. This method is a systematic study, which aims to find the factors that causing work accidents and find out how big the potential accidents and their impacts. The data is collected by distributing questionnaires to the employee. The results show that hazards caused by the work area and the workers themselves are 18% and 82%, respectively. Based on the severity, the number of extreme, high, medium and low risk hazards are 1, 8, 1 and 1, respectively.

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Photo-catalytic degradation of gaseous pollutants in paper mills of southern China

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj17.03.167 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (03) ◽

pp. 167-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xin Tong ◽

Jiao Li ◽

Jun Ma ◽

Xiaoquan Chen ◽

Wenhao Shen

Keyword(s):

Degradation Rate ◽

Southern China ◽

Catalytic Degradation ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Gaseous Pollutants ◽

Pulp And Paper Mills ◽

Paper Mills ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

First Order ◽

First Order Kinetics

Studies were undertaken to evaluate gaseous pollutants in workplace air within pulp and paper mills and to consider the effectiveness of photo-catalytic treatment of this air. Ambient air at 30 sampling sites in five pulp and paper mills of southern China were sampled and analyzed. The results revealed that formaldehyde and various benzene-based molecules were the main gaseous pollutants at these five mills. A photo-catalytic reactor system with titanium dioxide (TiO2) was developed and evaluated for degradation of formaldehyde, benzene and their mixtures. The experimental results demonstrated that both formaldehyde and benzene in their pure forms could be completely photo-catalytic degraded, though the degradation of benzene was much more difficult than that for formaldehyde. Study of the photo-catalytic degradation kinetics revealed that the degradation rate of formaldehyde increased with initial concentration fitting a first-order kinetics reaction. In contrast, the degradation rate of benzene had no relationship with initial concentration and degradation did not conform to first-order kinetics. The photo-catalytic degradation of formaldehyde-benzene mixtures indicated that formaldehyde behaved differently than when treated in its pure form. The degradation time was two times longer and the kinetics did not reflect a first-order reaction. The degradation of benzene was similar in both pure form and when mixed with formaldehyde.

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PULP AND PAPER MILLS

Environmental Engineering and Management Journal ◽

10.30638/eemj.2012.012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 81-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dan Gavrilescu ◽

Adrian Catalin Puitel ◽

Gheorghe Dutuc ◽

Grigore Craciun

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Pulp And Paper Mills ◽

Paper Mills

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Water Pollution Abatement in Small Paper Mills in India

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1988.0006 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 37-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Panneerselvam

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Pollution Abatement ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Operating Costs ◽

Small Scale ◽

Pulp And Paper Mills ◽

Paper Mills ◽

Recovery System

In order to reduce the demand for the forest based raw materials by the organised industrial sectors like the large integrated pulp and paper mills, the Government of India started promoting several small-scale pulp and paper mills based on non-wood agricultural residue raw materials. However promotion of these small mills has created another environmental problem i.e. severe water pollution due to non-recovery of chemicals. Because of the typical characteristics like high silica content etc. of the black liquor produced and the subsequent high capital investment needed for a recovery system, it is not economically feasible for the small Indian mills to recover the chemicals. While the quantity of wastewater generated per tonne of paper produced by a small mill is same as from a large integrated pulp and paper mill with a chemical recovery system, their BOD load is four times higher, due to non recovery of chemicals. However the existing wastewater disposal standards are uniform for large and small mills for e.g. 30 mg BOD/l. To meet these standards, the small mills have to install a capital intensive wastewater treatment plant with heavy recurring operating costs. Therefore the feasible alternative is to implement various pollution abatement measures, with the objective of not only reducing the fibre/chemical loss but also to reduce the investment and operating costs of the final wastewater treatment system. To illustrate this approach, a case study on water pollution abatement and control in a 10 TPD mill, will be discussed.

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Biotreatability test of bleach wastewaters from pulp and paper mills

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0492 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (2-3) ◽

pp. 101-108

Author(s):

X. Wang ◽

T. H. Mize ◽

F. M. Saunders ◽

S. A. Baker

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Reductive Dehalogenation ◽

Continuous Reactor ◽

Batch Reactors ◽

Aerobic Treatment ◽

Pulp And Paper Mills ◽

Paper Mills ◽

Degradation Rates ◽

Adsorbable Organic Halide

Research is focused on an integrated way to simultaneously optimize the bleaching operations and subsequent wastewater treatment for pulp and paper mills. Bleach wastewaters from ClO2-bleached pulping studies at Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST) were used as the feed for batch reactors to test and rank the treatability and kinetics. The key aspect of the system is the use of sequential anaerobic/aerobic phases to enhance reductive dehalogenation of chloro-organic materials. Two continuous reactor systems, one operated in an anaerobic-aerobic mode and a second in an aerobic-aerobic mode, received bleaching wastewater obtained from a full-scale plant. Acclimated cultures from both continuous reactors were used to quantify the AOX (Adsorbable Organic Halide) and COD removal from various bleaching wastewaters. In general, the sequential anaerobic/aerobic treatment of bleach wastewater can improve both biotreatability and degradation rates.

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