scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Associative and Rational Statistical Learning in Reducing Children’s Stereotype Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Bingchen Chai
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Illusory Correlation ◽  
Master's Thesis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Behaviour

A stereotype is a rigid and overgeneralized belief about the characteristics of a social group. Stereotyping is a pervasive phenomenon, and has detrimental effects on children’s development such that it leads to biased information processing and stereotype threat. One of the underlying mechanisms for stereotype formation is illusory correlation, which refers to the erroneous inference about the relationship between two categories of events that in fact are uncorrelated. Given that most of the stereotype reduction training is focused on adults rather than children, this Master’s thesis aimed to examine the effectiveness of two methods that could potentially reduce stereotyping in children. More specifically, this work investigated whether facilitating associative and rational statistical learning could reduce stereotyping in children through inhibiting the formation of illusory correlation. The results showed that 5- to 10-year-old children consistently perceive an illusory correlation between the numerically smaller minority group and the infrequently occurring, negative behaviour. However, the perception of an illusory correlation among 5- to 8-year-olds was significantly reduced through the facilitation of statistical learning, but not associative learning.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Associative and Rational Statistical Learning in Reducing Children’s Stereotype Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Bingchen Chai
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Illusory Correlation ◽  
Master's Thesis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Behaviour

A stereotype is a rigid and overgeneralized belief about the characteristics of a social group. Stereotyping is a pervasive phenomenon, and has detrimental effects on children’s development such that it leads to biased information processing and stereotype threat. One of the underlying mechanisms for stereotype formation is illusory correlation, which refers to the erroneous inference about the relationship between two categories of events that in fact are uncorrelated. Given that most of the stereotype reduction training is focused on adults rather than children, this Master’s thesis aimed to examine the effectiveness of two methods that could potentially reduce stereotyping in children. More specifically, this work investigated whether facilitating associative and rational statistical learning could reduce stereotyping in children through inhibiting the formation of illusory correlation. The results showed that 5- to 10-year-old children consistently perceive an illusory correlation between the numerically smaller minority group and the infrequently occurring, negative behaviour. However, the perception of an illusory correlation among 5- to 8-year-olds was significantly reduced through the facilitation of statistical learning, but not associative learning.

Stereotypen van etnische minderheden, verbondenheid met de eigen groep, assimilatie en integratie

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneke Vrugt ◽  
Alexis Salin ◽  
Semra Room
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Ethnic Minority Group ◽  
Negative View ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship

Stereotypes of ethnic minorities, attachment to their own group, assimilation and integration Stereotypes of ethnic minorities, attachment to their own group, assimilation and integration A. Vrugt, A. Salin & S. Room, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 20, September 2007, nr. 3, pp. 260-271 The present research investigated which stereotypical characteristics Dutch ethnic minority group members, based on their cultural background, attributed to their own social group and to the ethnic Dutch majority. Further it was studied to what extent the assignment of these stereotypical characteristics was related to the attachment to their own group, and whether the attachment to their own group was related to their view on integration and assimilation. The results showed that minority group participants found positive stereotypical features that are derived from collectivistic values, more characteristic of their own group than of the Dutch majority. By contrast, negative stereotypical features, being deviant from collectivistic values, were considered as more characteristic of the majority group. Furthermore, it was found that the minority group participants felt more attached to their own group than did the majority group participants. This attachment was related to the negative stereotypical features that minority group participants regarded as characteristic of the majority. Moreover, this attachment mediated the relationship between negative stereotypical features attributed to the majority and a negative view on assimilation. The implications of these results are discussed.

Attachment and Field Dependence: Individual Differences in Information Processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Vermigli ◽  
Alessandro Toni
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measure Field

The present research analyzes the relationship between attachment styles at an adult age and field dependence in order to identify possible individual differences in information processing. The “Experience in Close Relationships” test of Brennan et al. was administered to a sample of 380 individuals (160 males, 220 females), while a subsample of 122 subjects was given the Embedded Figure Test to measure field dependence. Confirming the starting hypothesis, the results have shown that individuals with different attachment styles have a different way of perceiving the figure against the background. Ambivalent and avoidant individuals lie at the two extremes of the same dimension while secure individuals occupy the central part. Significant differences also emerged between males and females.

The Type of Temperament, Mood, and Strategies of Categorization

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Wytykowska
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Affective Value ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

In Strelau’s theory of temperament (RTT), there are four types of temperament, differentiated according to low vs. high stimulation processing capacity and to the level of their internal harmonization. The type of temperament is considered harmonized when the constellation of all temperamental traits is internally matched to the need for stimulation, which is related to effectiveness of stimulation processing. In nonharmonized temperamental structure, an internal mismatch is observed which is linked to ineffectiveness of stimulation processing. The three studies presented here investigated the relationship between temperamental structures and the strategies of categorization. Results revealed that subjects with harmonized structures efficiently control the level of stimulation stemming from the cognitive activity, independent of the affective value of situation. The pattern of results attained for subjects with nonharmonized structures was more ambiguous: They were as good as subjects with harmonized structures at adjusting the way of information processing to their stimulation processing capacities, but they also proved to be more responsive to the affective character of stimulation (positive or negative mood).

Management of Platelets in a Persian Girl with the Tetralogy_Pantalogy of Fallot (Tof_Pof): A Case Report Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Alamdary Badlou
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Ventricular Septal Defect ◽  
Atrial Septal Defect ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Old Persian ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

We report a rare case of unrepaired Tetralogy_Pantalogy of Fallot (TOF_POF) in a 20 years old Persian girl Mrs Zeynab S., who presented with cyanotic finger tops appearance, ongoing chronic thrombolytic destruction processes, and remarkable thrombocytopenia [1,2], heart ventricular septal defect (VSD), and might atrial septal defect (ASD), anxiety, sleep disorders, nightmares, and limited social life. Additionally, the relationship between underlying mechanisms, possible treatments of the thrombocytopenia, erythrocytosis, and unrepaired cardiovascular leakages remains unknown.

Illusory Correlation and the Inverse Base Rate Effect: Different Underlying Mechanisms

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Kruschke ◽  
Jeffrey Sherman ◽  
Frederica Conrey ◽  
Steven Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Base Rate ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
Illusory Correlation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Emotion information processing as a new component of emotional intelligence: Theoretical framework and empirical evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110076
Author(s):  
Marina Fiori ◽  
Shagini Udayar ◽  
Ashley Vesely Maillefer
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Ability Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Processing Component ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and emotion information processing (EIP) has received surprisingly little attention in the literature. The present research addresses these gaps in the literature by introducing a conceptualization of emotional intelligence as composed of two distinct components: (1) EIK or emotion Knowledge component, captured by current ability emotional intelligence tests, related to top-down, higher order reasoning about emotions, and which depends more strongly on acquired and culture-bound knowledge about emotions; (2) EIP or emotion information Processing component, measured with emotion information processing tasks, requires faster processing and is based on bottom-up attention-related responses to emotion information. In Study 1 ( N = 349) we tested the factorial structure of this new EIP component within the nomological network of intelligence and current ability emotional intelligence. In Study 2 ( N =111) we tested the incremental validity of EIP in predicting both overall performance and the charisma of a presenter while presenting in a stressful situation. Results support the importance of acknowledging the role of emotion information processing in the emotional intelligence literature and point to the utility of introducing a new EI measure that would capture stable individual differences in how individuals process emotion information.

scholarly journals Conditional regard, stress, and dyadic adjustment in primiparous couples: A dyadic analysis perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752199356
Author(s):  
Alexandra Cournoyer ◽  
Julie C. Laurin ◽  
Marie-Ève Daspe ◽  
Sophie Laniel ◽  
Anne-Sophie Huppé
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Dyadic Analysis ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Many couples transitioning into parenthood are at risk for dyadic adjustment declines. It is therefore important to explore key, theory-driven deterrents of enduring relationships during this period, as well as potential underlying mechanisms. This study examined the relationship between perceived conditional negative regard (i.e. a behavior that thwarts basic psychological needs; T1), stress (T1), and dyadic adjustment (T2) during the transition to parenthood. Primiparous couples ( N = 144) were recruited to fill out an online questionnaire when their babies were 6-months (T1) and 12-months (T2). Path analysis with an Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model was conducted. Results show that for each partner (actor effects), stress (T1) mediated the link between perceived conditional negative regard (T1), and later dyadic adjustment (T2). For the partner effects, while stress (T1) did not play a mediating role between these variables, other partner effects were found. Each primiparous parent’s perceived conditional negative regard (T1) was associated with the other parent’s later dyadic adjustment (T2). However, when examining longitudinal changes in stress and dyadic adjustment over time (T2, controlling for respective T1), no significant associations were found. Overall, the findings shed light on the dyadic associations of conditional negative regard, and the mechanisms through which it is negatively tied with dyadic adjustment during the transition to parenthood.

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