Attachment and Field Dependence: Individual Differences in Information Processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Vermigli ◽  
Alessandro Toni
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measure Field

The present research analyzes the relationship between attachment styles at an adult age and field dependence in order to identify possible individual differences in information processing. The “Experience in Close Relationships” test of Brennan et al. was administered to a sample of 380 individuals (160 males, 220 females), while a subsample of 122 subjects was given the Embedded Figure Test to measure field dependence. Confirming the starting hypothesis, the results have shown that individuals with different attachment styles have a different way of perceiving the figure against the background. Ambivalent and avoidant individuals lie at the two extremes of the same dimension while secure individuals occupy the central part. Significant differences also emerged between males and females.

Information Processing vs Visual Attention during Incidental Learning

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Wyrick ◽  
Vincent J. Tempone ◽  
Jack Capehart
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Intentional Learning ◽  
Order Information ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between attention and incidental learning during discrimination training was studied in 30 children, aged 10 to 11. A polymetric eye-movement recorder measured direct visual attention. Consistent with previous findings, recall of incidental stimuli was greatest during the initial and terminal stages of intentional learning. Contrary to previous explanations, however, visual attention to incidental stimuli was not related to training. While individual differences in attention to incidental stimuli were predictive of recall, attention to incidental stimuli was not related to level of training. Results suggested that changes in higher order information processing rather than direct visual attention were responsible for the curvilinear learning of incidental stimuli during intentional training.

Evaluating the Association Between Psychopathy and Specific Attachment Models in Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-S16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott Christian ◽  
Martin Sellbom ◽  
Ross B. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Attachment Relationships ◽  
Specific Attachment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Community

In the current investigation, we examined the association between psychopathy and attachment styles in several specific attachment relationships (i.e., romantic, mother, father, friend). Data were collected online from a combination of Australian university and general community samples (N = 729, 53.50% female) using the Expanded Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy scale (Christian & Sellbom, 2016) and a modified version of the Experiences in Close Relationships Structures (Fraley, Heffernan, Vicary, & Brumbaugh, 2011). Our results revealed that specific attachment models tend to have small to moderate associations with the components of psychopathy, but that the strength and direction of these associations tends to differ between figures, components of psychopathy, and dimension of attachment considered. Interestingly, it appeared that peer relationships (i.e., romantic, friend) tended to account for the majority of the variance in the relationship between psychopathy and general attachment styles, which may be an important avenue for future research.

Attachment style, serial argument, and taking conflict personally

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Hample ◽  
Adam S. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Serial argument theory explains recurring conflict within personal relationships. The theory specifies that an arguer’s goals influence his/her tactics, leading to argument outcomes which include effects on the relationship. We extend this model in two ways. First we suggest that attachment styles predict serial argument goals. Second, we hypothesize that taking conflict personally (TCP) is an outcome of such arguments. University students (N = 682) completed a cross-sectional survey about their attachment styles and felt personalization regarding a serial argument they experienced. A structural equation model tested relationships between attachment styles, goals, tactics, outcomes, and TCP. Results indicated that attachment styles predict goals of serial arguing and serial argument outcomes predict TCP. The study shows that attachment styles have modest but statistically significant effects on goals of serial arguing in close relationships and that the tactics used in serial arguing predict the degree to which people take recurring conflict personally.

scholarly journals Attachment Styles, Various Maternal Representations and a Bond to a Baby

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zdolska-Wawrzkiewicz ◽  
Magdalena Chrzan-Dętkoś ◽  
Daria Pizuńska ◽  
Mariola Bidzan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
New Mothers ◽  
Adjective Checklist ◽  
Maternal Representations ◽  
Postpartum Bonding ◽  
Experiences In Close Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between: (a) new mothers’ styles of attachment to their own mothers with their representation of self as a mother as well as with their representation of one’s mother as a mother, (b) new mothers’ representation of self as a mother with their representation of one’s own mother as a mother, and (c) their bonds with their children and their styles of attachment to their own mothers. (2) Methods: A total of 86 mothers were interviewed approximately six months postpartum. The Adjective Checklist, a modified version of the Experiences in Close Relationships, and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire were used in the study. (3) Results: Analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the new mothers’ styles of attachment to their own mothers and both their representation of self as a mother and their representation of one’s mother as a mother. The relationship between representation of self as a mother and representation of one’s mother as a mother was also statistically significant. No statistically significant relationship was observed between the style of attachment to one’s mother and the bond with one’s child six months postpartum. (4) Conclusions: A deeper understanding of the relationship between these variables may improve the help system directed at young mothers.

scholarly journals Aspects of Love: The Effect of Mortality Salience and Attachment Style on Romantic Beliefs

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Smith ◽  
Emma Massey
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Relationship Assessment ◽  
Cultural World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Two studies are reported which explore romance as a means of terror management for participants with secure and insecure attachment styles. Mikulincer and Florian (2000) have shown that while mortality salience increases the desire for intimacy in securely attached individuals, the insecurely attached use cultural world views rather than close relationships to cope with fear of death. Study 1 used the romantic belief scale to compare the effects of attachment style and mortality salience on the cultural aspects of close relationships and showed that the only the insecurely attached were more romantic following mortality salience. Study 2 replicated this effect and demonstrated that this difference was not simply due to lower self-esteem in the insecurely attached. The additional inclusion of the Relationship assessment questionnaire failed to provide any evidence that the securely attached were affected by the mortality salience manipulation, even on a more interpersonal measure.

Personality and Body-Focused Hand Movements

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Kenner
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Ordinal Consistency

The longer-term consistency with which subjects display apparently irrelevant self- or object-manipulations was examined by observing the subjects during the performance of two tasks followed by a repetition of these tasks after a 6-mo. interval. Individual subjects could not be characterized as consistently high or low producers of these movements across tasks and performances. Greater ordinal consistency among the subjects' body-focused movement frequencies was observed for the two different tasks conducted on the same day than was observed for the same task after 6 mo. Correlations between measures of anxiety and field-dependence and frequencies of body-focused movement varied significantly, not only with the task, but with repetitions of the same task after 6 mo. These results cast some doubt on explanations of individual differences in performance of body-focused hand movement through appeal to long-term individual differences in information-processing strategies.

Interrelations between Attachment Styles, Emotional Contagion and Loneliness

2020 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2096601
Author(s):  
Dominik Borawski ◽  
Tomasz Wajs ◽  
Konstancja Sojka ◽  
Urszula Misztal
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Parental Attachment ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Predictor

The main purpose of this study was to examine the roles of parental attachment styles and emotional contagion in predicting the level of loneliness. Based on the theoretical and empirical premises, we have decided to investigate whether emotional contagion can be associated with loneliness, when the attachment styles are controlled for, and whether emotional contagion can function as a mediator in the relationship between attachment avoidance and loneliness. The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, and the Emotional Contagion Scale were applied to the research. In our results, attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were demonstrated to be positive predictors, while positive emotional contagion was shown to be a negative predictor of loneliness. Moreover, our data revealed that catching the positive (but not negative) emotions of others was a mediator in the relationship between attachment avoidance and loneliness.

The Influence of Sex and Equity Sensitivity on Relationship Preferences, Assessment of Opponent, and Outcomes in a Negotiation Experiment

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley C. King ◽  
Thomas D. Hinson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Equity Sensitivity ◽  
Negotiation Research ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex Equity ◽  
The Relationship

In a negotiation experiment (N = 248) sex, equity sensitivity, and gender pairings were used to test six hypotheses. Results indicate that sex and equity sensitivity were predictive of subjects’ relationship preferences and sex, but not equity sensitivity, was predictive of subjects ’ measured assessment of the relationship preferences of the opponent. Equity sensitivity was also not significantly correlated with subjects’ satisfaction. Sex and sex within a role (seller versus buyer) was also found to influence settlement amount with males besting their female opponents when in mixed-sex pairs and with male sellers outperforming female sellers. The differences between males and females in settlement offers made appears to be one explanation for males’ success relative to females: Suggestions for expanding the range of measured outcomes in negotiation and implications for incorporating individual differences into negotiation research are discussed.

scholarly journals Attention, Visual Perception and their Relationship to Sport Performance in Fencing

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Mohamed Kamal Hijazi
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Achievement Level ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Sequential Memory ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Attention and visual perception are important in fencing, as they affect the levels of performance and achievement in fencers. This study identifies the levels of attention and visual perception among male and female fencers and the relationship between attention and visual perception dimensions and the sport performance in fencing. The researcher employed a descriptive method in a sample of 16 fencers during the 2010/2011 season. The sample was comprised of eight males and eight females who participated in the 11-year stage of the Cairo Championships. The Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style, which was designed by Nideffer and translated by Allawi (1998) was applied. The test consisted of 59 statements that measured seven dimensions. The Test of Visual Perception Skills designed by Alsmadune (2005), which includes seven dimensions was also used. Among females, a positive and statistically significant correlation between the achievement level and Visual Discrimination, Visual-Spatial Relationships, Visual Sequential Memory, Narrow Attentional Focus and Information Processing was observed, while among males, there was a positive and statistically significant correlation between the achievement level and Visual Discrimination, Visual Sequential Memory, Broad External Attentional Focus and Information Processing. For both males and females, a positive and statistically significant correlation between achievement level and Visual Discrimination, Visual Sequential Memory, Broad External Attentional, Narrow Attentional Focus and Information Processing was found. There were statistically significant differences between males and females in Visual Discrimination and Visual-Form Constancy.

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