scholarly journals Non-Timber Forest Products and their Role in the Livelihoods of People of Nepal: A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Sami Shrestha ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Kabita Kumari Shah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
User Groups

Nepal is a rich source of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in terms of production and trading practices. The altitudinal and climatic variations in various pockets of Nepal have contributed to their diversity. This article attempts to outline the current status of NTFPs and its importance in the Nepalese economy. NTFPs provide rural people with food, medicine, construction materials, and income. About 80% of the rural population depend on the NTFPs for their livelihood and Nepal. NTFPs have commercial, socioeconomic and environmental values in rural communities. More than 700 species of plants are recognized as producing NTFPs and about 150 species of these are commonly used in international trade. The management of NTFPs has been receiving increasing attention from donors, development agencies and user groups who are involved in different aspects of NTFP promotion. Sustainable exploitation, use, and commercialization of NTFPs are important for socio-economic development, poverty reduction, and livelihood enhancement of rural people in Nepal.

scholarly journals Forest Policies and Management Issues for Economic Prosperity: Non-Timber Forest Products in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Sabina Maharjan ◽  
Megh Raj Dangal
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Forest Policies ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Sustainable Conservation ◽  
Conservation And Management

Non-timber forest products are of great importance to large numbers of people whose livelihood depends for forest resources. With recognition of NTFPs contribution in livelihood and economy, many countries’ forest policies have been revised with inclusion of NTFPs development provision to certain extent. Still, most of policies including Nepal have failed to address the role NTFPs in poverty reduction. The study aims in analyzing the existing forest policies regarding non-timber forest products and the conservation and management practices being carried underlying the livelihood development of rural dwellers. Along with literature review, interview with user groups and elite persons was carried out to understand the development plan from government and community level. Herbs and NTFPs Development policy is responsible in sustainable conservation of NTFPs promoting their commercialization, still the policy reserves space for implementation. The study urges the effective role of government in NTFPs sustainable conservation and management process to promote livelihood of forest dependents.

scholarly journals Development of NTFPs Sector for Income Generation and Environmental Conservation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Sundriyal
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Edible Wild Plants ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are amongst the key global commodities and an important component of international trade. They are important in livelihoods of rural people all over the Himalayan region for meeting food, medicine, construction materials, and income needs of subsistence communities. The sector needs focused developmental planning that can bring substantial economic and environmental benefit in the Uttarakhand state. Based on an extensive analysis of three important categories of NTFPs, viz. medicinal plants, edible wild plants, and bamboo this paper highlights potential of this sector for food security, income generation and environmental conservation by adopting a pro-people approach in Uttarakhand state. Suggestions have been provided for improving the existing framework and programmes that can maximize economic, social, cultural and ecological benefits.

Governance challenges for commercial exploitation of a non-timber forest product by marginalized rural communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAINE A. BALL ◽  
PEDRO H.S. BRANCALION
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Conservation Governance ◽  
Conservation And Development Projects

SUMMARYWhile conservation and development projects focusing on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) remain popular approaches to address complex issues of livelihood improvement and conservation, governance of NTFPs is still poorly understood. In the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot of Brazil, non-governmental organizations, researchers and community leaders are encouraging the commercialization of fruit pulp-based products from the endangered palm Euterpe edulis, known as juçara, to replace income from illegal heart of palm extraction. In order to assess the governance of development of juçara pulp as an NTFP and the potential to increase conservation of juçara through management on smallholder properties, we conducted qualitative research in São Paulo State from October 2012 to October 2013. Major challenges include policy barriers, difficulties integrating production and commercialization, problematic assumptions about poverty alleviation and the inability of the most disadvantaged members of communities to benefit. These governance challenges are a function of poor access, or the ‘bundle of powers’ that enables the ability to benefit. However, engagement with juçara fruit pulp production links farmers and former poachers with sustainable agricultural concepts and with networks, changing their perceptions of conservation and enhancing ability to benefit from improved policy.

Estimating the demand for non-timber forest products among rural communities: a case study from the Sinharaja Rain Forest region, Sri Lanka

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chennat Gopalakrishnan ◽  
W.A.R. Wickramasinghe ◽  
H.M. Gunatilake ◽  
Prabodh Illukpitiya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Commercial harvesting and regeneration of epiphytic macrolichen communities in the Western Ghats, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCAS MOLLEMAN ◽  
SIL BOEVE ◽  
JAN WOLF ◽  
GERARD OOSTERMEIJER ◽  
SOUBADRA DEVY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Lichen Community ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Western Ghats

SUMMARYNon-timber forest products form a substantial contribution to the livelihood of many rural communities worldwide. In the Western Ghats, India, epiphytic macrolichens are harvested by Paliyan tribes to generate supplementary income. Paliyan tribes employ two harvesting methods: shallow harvesting, with a minimum of attached bark substratum, and deep harvesting, which exposes the sapwood. To evaluate the regeneration of the lichen community in terms of species diversity, abundance and composition, 320 bark samples of up to 50 cm2 were collected from bark patches where lichens had been harvested previously, as shown by bark scars. Samples selected represented four host tree species, both harvesting methods and seven one-year intervals of time since harvesting. In each case, the field guide estimated sample age, and peer-testing proved these estimates to be reliable up to an age of seven years. Seven years after harvesting, the lichen community showed noteworthy regeneration capacity in terms of total lichen coverage and species richness. However, to assess the risk of local species loss in the long-term, any harvesting should include continuous monitoring of lichen species composition. Since shallow harvesting resulted in a swifter recovery of species abundance and richness compared with deep harvesting, harvesters should preferentially employ the shallow harvesting method.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Sugarcane Partnership for the Livelihood Structure and the Development of Rural Areas in Lampung Province of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arya Hadi Dharmawan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Sugarcane Farming ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Survey Approach ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

Sugarcane is a mainstay commodity crop as raw materials for sugar. Therefore, increasing domestic production through partnerships is an effort to suppress the high value of imports. The purposes of this study are to identify the farmer’s household land use, to analyze the income structure and livelihood strategies, and then to conduct an economic dependency analysis on the sugarcane industry in relation to rural area development. The research method used a survey approach of 131 households and interviews with the head of village and the heads of farmer groups. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and analysis of farm income were used. The results show that farmers use land for sugarcane partnership with a choice of Kerjasama Operasional (KSO) or operational cooperation, the Independence (Mandiri), and Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI) or industrial forest plantation partnership. The sources of livelihood structure of farmers are from non-sugarcane agriculture, sugarcane farming, Non-Timber Forest Products (HHNK), and non-farm. Engaging in sugarcane partnership is a new livelihood strategy for the rural communities surrounding the plantations with benefits that are affected by the area of owned land. While farmers who do not own land, they earn a living by becoming plantation laborers. Farmer involvement in sugarcane partnership contributes to the household income, the existence of uneven welfare, and the emergence of household economic dependence on sugarcane plantations. The sugarcane partnership is a source of income and an engine of rural economic growth; however, the realization of sustainable rural development has not yet emerged.

scholarly journals Non-timber Forest Products Value Chain Toward Sustainable Livelihood: Exploring Linkages and Trends Using Visual Optimization Network Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Ravi Sharma ◽  
◽  
Nisha Bharti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Visual Network

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) contribute significantly to the livelihood, food, and nutrition security of rural communities and forest dwellers. Earlier studies on NTFPs emphasized the economic importance, sustainability aspects, and commercialization of NTFPs, and highlighted the importance of strong value chains if NTFPs were to fulfill their economic potential for communities and people who rely on them. Formulation of proper policy and commercialization of NTFPs through their value chain will require a thorough review of existing research to identify the policy loopholes. A review of literature sought to determine whether research on NTFPs links to sustainable livelihood, policy, and value chains using clustering and visual network visualization. The results of the study reveal four domain clusters indicating a mix of traditional and evolved approaches toward strengthening of the NTFP value chain. Policy issues on NTFP have also evolved as one of the important clusters of research. The study recommends the mapping of value chains in the NTFP research to guide the pursuit of holistic and sustainable livelihood security.

scholarly journals OS CANAIS DE COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DO PINHÃO E SEUS AGENTES, EM SÃO FRANCISCO DE PAULA – RS

FLORESTA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Vieira-da-Silva ◽  
Lovois De Andrade Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Institutional Marketing

O pinhão é uma importante fonte de alimento e renda para comunidades rurais que residem na região de ocorrência da Floresta Araucária (Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze). Assim, este estudo objetivou compreender aspectos da comercialização do pinhão em São Francisco de Paula, RS. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas estruturadas e semi-estruturadas com 56 agentes ligados a comercialização do pinhão. Identificou-se a existência de canais longos e canais curtos. Observou-se que pinhão in natura é vendido nos dois tipos de canais. Quando o pinhão in natura é vendido via canais curtos, o preço praticado pelo produtor é mais elevado. Contrariamente à maioria das cadeias produtivas de produtos florestais não madeireiros (PFNM), os produtos derivados de pinhão são vendidos, exclusivamente, em canais curtos. Constatou-se ainda que, na região estudada, os canais longos de comercialização de pinhão não são estruturados, que o pinhão processado é comercializado basicamente por agricultores que possuem acesso às feiras e, também, que não há comercialização para os mercados institucionais. Tal situação foi relacionada à grande informalidade das relações comerciais, à falta de instituições que auxiliem no ambiente organizacional desses canais e a um ambiente institucional que desestimula a atividade de coleta.Palavras-chave: extrativismo; produtos florestais não madeireiros; pinhão; canais de comercialização. AbstractMarketing channel of pine nut and its agents in São Francisco de Paula - RS.The Brazilian-pine nut is an important source of food and income for rural communities that reside in the region of Araucaria Forest. This study aimed to understand the marketing aspects of the Brazilian-pine nut in São Francisco de Paula, RS. Thus, we carried out structured and semi-structured interviews with 52 agents related to the marketing of this nut. It was identified the existence of short chains and long chains. We observed that the Brazilian-pine nut in natura is sold in both types of chains. However, products derived from Brazilian-pine nut are sold exclusively in short chains. Also, when the nut is sold in short chains, the price of the producer is higher. It was further observed that, in the region studied, long supply chains of the nut are not structured and the processed product is mainly marketed by farmers who have access to fairs. We also observed that there is no institutional marketing of the Brazilian-pine nut. This situation was related to informal trade relations, the lack of institutions to assist the organizational environment of food supply chains of the Brazilian-pine nut and to the institutional environment that discourages the collecte activity.Keywords: extractivism; non timber forest products; Brazilian-pine nut; supply chains

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