Keterkaitan Sikap Kewirausahaan Petani Tebu dan Produktivitas Tebu di Kabupaten Malang

Entrepreneurial attitude is an important role in increasing the ability of sugarcane farmers to increase the productivity of sugarcane farming. Increasing sugarcane productivity is one of the efforts to overcome the sugar deficit in Indonesia, which from 2016 to 2019 averaged 4.7 million tons. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the entrepreneurial attitude of sugarcane farmers and sugarcane productivity in Malang Regency by using cross-tabulation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze his entrepreneurial attitude. The indicators used to measure entrepreneurial attitudes are self-categorization, motivation, self-efficacy, risk-taking, innovation, ability to see opportunities, and growth-oriented. The seven indicators were measured using a Likert scale. This research was conducted by interviewing 50 sugarcane farmers in Malang Regency. The method of determining respondents was carried out by Multi stages Random Sampling. As many as 70 percent of sugarcane farmers in Malang Regency had a low entrepreneurial attitude, especially on the indicators of innovation and motivation with an average score of 2.38 and 2.17. The results of the cross tabulation show that there was a positive relationship between the entrepreneurial attitude of sugarcane farmers in Malang Regency and their productivity achievements.

Performance of Sugarcane Farming Ratoon System in East Java Province

The fulfillment of national sugar consumption needs cannot be achieved by domestic production. Increase sugar cane production to fulfill the availability of sugar in Indonesia, one of which in the central production area of East Java is still constrained by many sugarcane farmers who are doing ratoon system more than three times, so the productivity is low. This study aimed to analyze the performance sugarcane farming ratoon system in East Java by looking at technical efficiency and scale efficiency using the non-parametric approach of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Sampling in this study used multistage random sampling in Kediri, Malang, and Mojokerto Districts. The average total technical efficiency (TE CRS) of farmers with 1-3 ratoons is 0.754, the pure technical efficiency (TE VRS) is 0.817, and the scale efficiency is 0.926. The average TE CRS of farmers with 4-6 ratoons is 0.693, TE VRS is 0.814, and the scale efficiency is 0.860. For farmers who do more than seven ratoons, an average TE CRS is 0.609, TE VRS is 0.693, and scale efficiency is 0.894. The majority of sugarcane farmers at the research site have not been on an optimal business scale, namely in IRS conditions.

Qualitative Study on the Observations of Emissions, Transport and the Influence of Climatic Factors from Sugarcane Burning: A South African Perspective

There are two methods of harvesting sugarcane—manual or mechanical. Manual harvesting requires the burning of the standing sugarcane crop. Burning of the crop results in the emission of aerosols and harmful trace gases into the atmosphere. This work makes use of a long-term dataset (1980–2019) to study (1) the atmospheric spatial and vertical distribution of pollutants; (2) the spatial distribution and temporal change of biomass emissions; and (3) the impact/influence of climatic factors on temporal change in atmospheric pollutant loading and biomass emissions over the Mpumalanga and KwaZulu Natal provinces in South Africa, where sugarcane farming is rife. Black carbon (BC) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are two dominant pollutants in the JJA and SON seasons due to sugarcane burning. Overall, there was an increasing trend in the emissions of BC, SO2, and carbon dioxide (CO2) from 1980 to 2019. Climatic conditions, such as warm temperature, high wind speed, dry conditions in the JJA, and SON season, favor the intensity and spread of the fire, which is controlled. The emitted pollutants are transported to neighboring countries and can travel over the Atlantic Ocean, as far as ~6600 km from the source site.

The Contribution of Sugarcane Partnership for the Livelihood Structure and the Development of Rural Areas in Lampung Province of Indonesia

Sugarcane is a mainstay commodity crop as raw materials for sugar. Therefore, increasing domestic production through partnerships is an effort to suppress the high value of imports. The purposes of this study are to identify the farmer’s household land use, to analyze the income structure and livelihood strategies, and then to conduct an economic dependency analysis on the sugarcane industry in relation to rural area development. The research method used a survey approach of 131 households and interviews with the head of village and the heads of farmer groups. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and analysis of farm income were used. The results show that farmers use land for sugarcane partnership with a choice of Kerjasama Operasional (KSO) or operational cooperation, the Independence (Mandiri), and Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI) or industrial forest plantation partnership. The sources of livelihood structure of farmers are from non-sugarcane agriculture, sugarcane farming, Non-Timber Forest Products (HHNK), and non-farm. Engaging in sugarcane partnership is a new livelihood strategy for the rural communities surrounding the plantations with benefits that are affected by the area of owned land. While farmers who do not own land, they earn a living by becoming plantation laborers. Farmer involvement in sugarcane partnership contributes to the household income, the existence of uneven welfare, and the emergence of household economic dependence on sugarcane plantations. The sugarcane partnership is a source of income and an engine of rural economic growth; however, the realization of sustainable rural development has not yet emerged.

An Investigation of Coping Strategies Adopted by Small-Scale Sugarcane Growers in Bungoma County, Kenya

This paper reports on one of the findings of a study undertaken to investigate the coping strategies used by small-scale sugarcane growers in Bungoma County, Kenya. A descriptive survey design was used. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in the selection of the divisions, villages, key respondents, and sugarcane farmers to be interviewed. Primary data were collected using questionnaires from 100 small-scale sugarcane growers’ household heads from Bumula Sub-County. Data were collected during the month of December 2016. Qualitative data collected were analysed thematically. Quantitative data was analysed using regression in SPSS version 23 and Microsoft Excel. Results from small-scale sugarcane farmers in Bumula Sub-County revealed a declining farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming activities in the area. Coping strategies identified included off-farm income-generating activities, sale of sugarcane by-products and non-contracted cane farming. Significance test qualification was based on a percentage of adjusted R2 and within 0.3 to 0.7 ranges for Beta weight value. The correlation coefficient (R-value) for the model was 0.362, indicating a moderately positive relationship between variables. The coefficient of determination (R2) was found to be 0.284 (28.4%). Adopted coping strategies accounted for 28.4% variability in the declining farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming. This result suggests the existence of other factors that explain the remaining 71.6% of the variation in the declining farmers’ participation. Farmers should enhance both on-farm and off-farm income-generating activities, sugarcane by-products value addition, and non-contracted cane farming in order to reverse the outcome and result in an enhanced farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming activities by 36.2%

An Investigation of Coping Strategies Adopted by Small-Scale Sugarcane Growers in Bungoma County, Kenya

This paper reports on one of the findings of a study undertaken to investigate the coping strategies used by small-scale sugarcane growers in Bungoma County, Kenya. A descriptive survey design was used. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in the selection of the divisions, villages, key respondents, and sugarcane farmers to be interviewed. Primary data were collected using questionnaires from 100 small-scale sugarcane growers’ household heads from Bumula Sub-County. Data were collected during the month of December 2016. Qualitative data collected were analysed thematically. Quantitative data was analysed using regression in SPSS version 23 and Microsoft Excel. Results from small-scale sugarcane farmers in Bumula Sub-County revealed a declining farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming activities in the area. Coping strategies identified included off-farm income-generating activities, sale of sugarcane by-products and non-contracted cane farming. Significance test qualification was based on a percentage of adjusted R2 and within 0.3 to 0.7 ranges for Beta weight value. The correlation coefficient (R-value) for the model was 0.362, indicating a moderately positive relationship between variables. The coefficient of determination (R2) was found to be 0.284 (28.4%). Adopted coping strategies accounted for 28.4% variability in the declining farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming. This result suggests the existence of other factors that explain the remaining 71.6% of the variation in the declining farmers’ participation. Farmers should enhance both on-farm and off-farm income-generating activities, sugarcane by-products value addition, and non-contracted cane farming in order to reverse the outcome and result in an enhanced farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming activities by 36.2%

An Investigation of Coping Strategies Adopted by Small-Scale Sugarcane Growers in Bungoma County, Kenya

This paper reports on one of the findings of a study undertaken to investigate the coping strategies used by small-scale sugarcane growers in Bungoma County, Kenya. A descriptive survey design was used. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in the selection of the divisions, villages, key respondents, and sugarcane farmers to be interviewed. Primary data were collected using questionnaires from 100 small-scale sugarcane growers’ household heads from Bumula Sub-County. Data were collected during the month of December 2016. Qualitative data collected were analysed thematically. Quantitative data was analysed using regression in SPSS version 23 and Microsoft Excel. Results from small-scale sugarcane farmers in Bumula Sub-County revealed a declining farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming activities in the area. Coping strategies identified included off-farm income-generating activities, sale of sugarcane by-products and non-contracted cane farming. Significance test qualification was based on a percentage of adjusted R2 and within 0.3 to 0.7 ranges for Beta weight value. The correlation coefficient (R-value) for the model was 0.362, indicating a moderately positive relationship between variables. The coefficient of determination (R2) was found to be 0.284 (28.4%). Adopted coping strategies accounted for 28.4% variability in the declining farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming. This result suggests the existence of other factors that explain the remaining 71.6% of the variation in the declining farmers’ participation. Farmers should enhance both on-farm and off-farm income-generating activities, sugarcane by-products value addition, and non-contracted cane farming in order to reverse the outcome and result in an enhanced farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming activities by 36.2%

Transportation: The un-slayed dragon in sugarcane farming in Western Kenya

In Kenya, sugarcane farming was introduced in 1902 milled by jaggeries before the introduction of Miwani sugar factory in 1922 and Ramisi in 1927. In western Kenya, sugarcane farming was introduced in 1972, with the establishment of Mumias sugar company which produced its first sugar in 1973. Nzoia sugar company was then established in 1978 with its first production in 1979. Thereafter, private sugar companies were established in the area including: West Kenya sugar company, Butali sugar company, Busia sugar company and Ole Pito sugar. The expansion of sugarcane farming to the former western province targeted accelerating the socio-economic development in the area, in the quest to redress the region’s economic imbalances through promoting indigenous entrepreneurship. Out of the total fourteen sugar factories in the country, six are currently domiciled and operating in the former western province. Despite the heavy presence of the sugar factories in the region, which marks a significant milestone in the industrialization direction, both farmers and sugar factories’ self-sufficiency is an elusive dream. This is the situation despite the region’s availability of both adequate and productive land for sugarcane farming and the heavy presence of adequate sugarcane milling capacity. This has prompted the study into what is necessitating the farmers’ rapid desertion of sugarcane farming (the sugarcane withdrawal syndrome) in the former western province. The study concluded that the rapid desertion of sugarcane farming by farmers in western Kenya is attributable to the reality that transportation of their produce (sugarcane) whether private or contacted, exorbitantly depleted their net returns leaving the sugarcane farmers a frustrated lot with no option than to ditch sugarcane farming for alternative productions. Keywords: Transportation, sugarcane, harvesting, remunerations and deductions.