Onset of Eocene diversity gradients in macroperforate planktonic foraminifera

AbstractExtensive investigation of the close association between biological diversity and environmental temperature has not yet yielded a generally accepted, empirically validated mechanism to explain latitudinal gradients of species diversity, which occur in most taxa. Using the highly resolved late Cenozoic fossil records of four major taxa of marine plankton, we show that their gradients arise as a consequence of asymmetric geographic range expansion rather than latitudinal variation in diversification rate, as commonly believed. Neither per capita speciation nor extinction rates trend significantly with temperature or latitude for these marine plankton. Species of planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton that originate in the temperate zone preferentially spread toward and arrive earlier in the tropics to produce a normal gradient with tropical diversity peaks; by contrast, temperate-zone originating species of diatoms and radiolarians preferentially spread toward and arrive earlier in polar regions to produce reversed gradients with high-latitude diversity peaks. Our results suggest that temperature affects latitudinal diversity gradients chiefly by its effect on species’ range limits rather than on probabilities of speciation and extinction. We show that this mechanism also appears to operate in various multicellular taxa, thus providing a widely applicable explanation for the origin of latitudinal diversity gradients.

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Ultrastructure of Some Planktonic Formainifera

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050962 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 190-191

Author(s):

William H. Zucker

Keyword(s):

Cell Biology ◽

Water Mass ◽

Planktonic Foraminifera ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Ethanol Dehydration ◽

Globigerinoides Ruber ◽

Light Microscope Level ◽

Globigerina Bulloides ◽

Glutaraldehyde Solution ◽

Diamond Knife

Planktonic foraminifera are widely-distributed and abundant zooplankters. They are significant as water mass indicators and provide evidence of paleotemperatures and events which occurred during Pleistocene glaciation. In spite of their ecological and paleological significance, little is known of their cell biology. There are few cytological studies of these organisms at the light microscope level and some recent reports of their ultrastructure.Specimens of Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerina bulloides, Globigerinoides conglobatus and Globigerinita glutinata were collected in Bermuda waters and fixed in a cold cacodylate-buffered 6% glutaraldehyde solution for two hours. They were then rinsed, post-fixed in Palade's fluid, rinsed again and stained with uranyl acetate. This was followed by graded ethanol dehydration, during which they were identified and picked clean of debris. The specimens were finally embedded in Epon 812 by placing each organism in a separate BEEM capsule. After sectioning with a diamond knife, stained sections were viewed in a Philips 200 electron microscope.

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Drivers of diversity gradients of a highly mobile marine assemblage in a mesoscale seascape

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13264 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 638 ◽

pp. 149-164

Author(s):

GM Svendsen ◽

M Ocampo Reinaldo ◽

MA Romero ◽

G Williams ◽

A Magurran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Gradients ◽

Regression Tree ◽

Demersal Fish ◽

Open Ocean ◽

Shared Resources ◽

Thermal Front ◽

Boosted Regression Tree ◽

Diversity Gradients ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Bottom Depth

With the unprecedented rate of biodiversity change in the world today, understanding how diversity gradients are maintained at mesoscales is a key challenge. Drawing on information provided by 3 comprehensive fishery surveys (conducted in different years but in the same season and with the same sampling design), we used boosted regression tree (BRT) models in order to relate spatial patterns of α-diversity in a demersal fish assemblage to environmental variables in the San Matias Gulf (Patagonia, Argentina). We found that, over a 4 yr period, persistent diversity gradients of species richness and probability of an interspecific encounter (PIE) were shaped by 3 main environmental gradients: bottom depth, connectivity with the open ocean, and proximity to a thermal front. The 2 main patterns we observed were: a monotonic increase in PIE with proximity to fronts, which had a stronger effect at greater depths; and an increase in PIE when closer to the open ocean (a ‘bay effect’ pattern). The originality of this work resides on the identification of high-resolution gradients in local, demersal assemblages driven by static and dynamic environmental gradients in a mesoscale seascape. The maintenance of environmental gradients, specifically those associated with shared resources and connectivity with an open system, may be key to understanding community stability.

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Planktonic foraminifera and dinoflagellate cysts from the Upper Cretaceous Abderaz Formation in the Koppeh-Dagh Basin, NE Iran

Stratigraphy ◽

10.29041/strat.15.1.47-66 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 47-66

Author(s):

Elham Davtalab ◽

Mohammad Vahidinia ◽

Ebrahim Ghasemi-Nejad ◽

Alireza Ashouri

Keyword(s):

Upper Cretaceous ◽

Planktonic Foraminifera ◽

Dinoflagellate Cysts ◽

Ne Iran

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Middle Jurassic planktonic foraminifera in Saudi Arabia - a new biostratigraphical marker for the J30 maximum flooding surface in the Middle East

Stratigraphy ◽

10.29041/strat.15.1.37-46 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 37-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael A. Kaminski ◽

Septriandi A. Chan ◽

Ramona Balc ◽

Hafiz Mehtab Gull ◽

Abduljamiu O. Amao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Middle East ◽

Middle Jurassic ◽

Planktonic Foraminifera ◽

Maximum Flooding Surface

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THE ABUNDANCE OF RECENT FORAMINIFERA IN SURFACE SEDIMENT OF AMBON BAY

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.29244/jitkt.v2i1.7859 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Suhartati M. Natsir

Keyword(s):

Surface Sediment ◽

Benthic Foraminifera ◽

Sea Water ◽

Planktonic Foraminifera ◽

Sediment Characteristic ◽

Abundance And Distribution

Foraminifera are generally live in sea water with various sizes. These organisms consist of planktonic and benthic foraminifera. Geological activity on plutonic and volcanic with vomiting magma is transpiring on, and then affects sedimentation and foraminiferal abundance of Ambon Bay. The study was determined to study the abundance and distribution of foraminifera based on the sediment characteristic of Ambon Bay. Sample collected in 2007 of Ambon Bay showed that only 29 samples of 50 samples containing foraminifera. The collected sediments have 86 species of foraminifera, consisting 61 species of benthic foraminifera and 25 species of planktonic foraminifera. The dominant benthic foraminifera in the surface sediment of Ambon bay were Amphistegina lessonii, Ammoniabeccarii,Elphidium craticulatum,Operculina ammonoides and Quinqueloculina parkery. The planktonic foraminifera that were frequently collected from the bay were Globorotalia tumida, Globoquadrina pseudofoliata, Globigerinoides pseudofoliata, Globigerinoides cyclostomus dan Pulleniatina finalis. Generally, the species dwelled as abundant on substrate sand, whereas the areas within substrate mud have no foraminifera lie on them. Keywords: Foraminifera, Abundance, Sediment, Ambon Bay

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CARBONATE DISSOLUTION AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN IN PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA IN THE SEA OF OKHOTSK

Proceedings of International Conference "Managinag risks to coastal regions and communities in a changinag world" (EMECS'11 - SeaCoasts XXVI) ◽

10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93b6ac2b30.99187085 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Romanova ◽

Vladimir Anin ◽

Sergey Pletnev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Of Okhotsk ◽

Planktonic Foraminifera ◽

Carbonate Dissolution ◽

Calcite Dissolution ◽

The Sea Of Okhotsk ◽

Globigerina Bulloides ◽

Neogloboquadrina Pachyderma ◽

Thin Walled ◽

Shell Fragments ◽

Degree Of Fragmentation

80 sediment stations collected along the meridian transect across the Sea of Okhotsk were studied in order to reveal patterns of dissolution based on planktonic foraminifera. The degree of calcite dissolution intensity from planktonic foraminifera determined by different indices (degree of fragmentation, presence of susceptible to dissolution species, benthos/ plankton ratio). The highest degree of dissolution evidenced by a large number of shell fragments and corroding walls were found in sediments from the area of the Kuril Islands. The most revealing measure of probable dissolution of foraminiferal shells in the central part of the sea is a low number and lack of thin-walled species. The effects of dissolution on foraminiferal shells were studied for dominated species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sin and Globigerina bulloides using a scanning electron microscope. The results are important for understanding processes of sedimentation, the paleo-oceanologial reconstructions and for obtaining reliable results in isotope analyzes.

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The crucial boundaries in the development of the late cretaceous biota of plankton foraminifers in the southern part of the Indian ocean

Океанология ◽

10.31857/s0030-15745961074-1085 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 1074-1085

Author(s):

E. A. Sokolova

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Species Composition ◽

Late Cretaceous ◽

Upper Cretaceous ◽

Planktonic Foraminifera ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

Systematic Composition ◽

Climatic Series

The article analyzes own data on the species composition of shells of planktonic foraminifera from the Upper Cretaceous sediments of the Indian Oceans, as well as from the sections of the offshore seas of Australia. The species of planktonic foraminifera are grouped and arranged in a climatic series. An analysis of the change in the systematic composition of foraminifers made it possible to distinguish periods of extreme and intermediate climatic states in the Late Cretaceous.

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