DESIGNING A DIGITAL TOOLCHAIN FOR PROSTHETICS: A RETROSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Ratto
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Made In

From 2014 until 2020, I participated in the development of a novel CAD/CAM system for lower-limb prosthetic sockets for use in Lower and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) orthopaedic clinical settings. This article provides an overview of the value principles that guided that work and the ways in which we attempted to support the clinical needs of our prosthetists and others in the clinical contexts. It will highlight how the health economic framework that is key to this special issue well describes the design choices we made in order to attend to the multiple levels of concerns and stakeholders we identified as key to success.     Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/36188/28345 How To Cite: Ratto M. Designing a digital toolchain for prosthetics: A retrospective. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2021; Volume 4, Issue 2, No.16. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v4i2.36188 Corresponding Author: Matt Ratto, PhDFaculty of Information, University of Toronto, Canada.E-Mail: [email protected] ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3554-4513  

scholarly journals Pesticide Poisonings in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117863021775087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Jørs ◽  
Dinesh Neupane ◽  
Leslie London
Keyword(s):  
Special Issue ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Aims And Scope ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Aims and scope This editorial is an introduction to the papers making up the special issue on ’pesticide poisonings in low- and middle income countries’.

scholarly journals From Data to Action: Neuroepidemiology Informs Implementation Research for Global Stroke Prevention and Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Mensah ◽  
Ralph L. Sacco ◽  
Barbara G. Vickrey ◽  
Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson ◽  
Salina Waddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Research ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Made In ◽  
Low And Middle Income

As a scientific field of study, neuroepidemiology encompasses more than just the descriptive study of the frequency, distribution, determinants and outcomes of neurologic diseases in populations. It also includes experimental aspects that span the full spectrum of clinical and population science research. As such, neuroepidemiology has a strong potential to inform implementation research for global stroke prevention and treatment. This review begins with an overview of the progress that has been made in descriptive and experimental neuroepidemiology over the past quarter century with emphasis on standards for evidence generation, critical appraisal of that evidence and impact on clinical and public health practice at the national, regional and global levels. Specific advances made in high-income countries as well as in low- and middle-income countries are presented. Gaps in implementation as well as evidence gaps in stroke research, stroke burden, clinical outcomes and disparities between developed and developing countries are then described. The continuing need for high quality neuroepidemiologic data in low- and middle-income countries is highlighted. Additionally, persisting disparities in stroke burden and care by sex, race, ethnicity, income and socioeconomic status are discussed. The crucial role that national stroke registries have played in neuroepidemiologic research is also addressed. Opportunities presented by new directions in comparative effectiveness and implementation research are discussed as avenues for turning neuroepidemiological insights into action to maximize health impact and to guide further biomedical research on neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Knowledge syntheses in medical education: Meta-research examining author gender, geographic location, and institutional affiliation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258925
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Maggio ◽  
Anton Ninkov ◽  
Joseph A. Costello ◽  
Erik W. Driessen ◽  
Anthony R. Artino
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Knowledge Synthesis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
The United Kingdom

Introduction Authors of knowledge syntheses make many subjective decisions during their review process. Those decisions, which are guided in part by author characteristics, can impact the conduct and conclusions of knowledge syntheses, which assimilate much of the evidence base in medical education. To better understand the evidence base, this study describes the characteristics of knowledge synthesis authors, focusing on gender, geography, and institution. Methods In 2020, the authors conducted meta-research to examine authors of 963 knowledge syntheses published between 1999 and 2019 in 14 core medical education journals. Results The authors identified 4,110 manuscript authors across all authorship positions. On average there were 4.3 authors per knowledge synthesis (SD = 2.51, Median = 4, Range = 1–22); 79 knowledge syntheses (8%) were single-author publications. Over time, the average number of authors per synthesis increased (M = 1.80 in 1999; M = 5.34 in 2019). Knowledge syntheses were authored by slightly more females (n = 2047; 50.5%) than males (n = 2005; 49.5%) across all author positions. Authors listed affiliations in 58 countries, and 58 knowledge syntheses (6%) included authors from low- or middle-income countries. Authors from the United States (n = 366; 38%), Canada (n = 233; 24%), and the United Kingdom (n = 180; 19%) published the most knowledge syntheses. Authors listed affiliation at 617 unique institutions, and first authors represented 362 unique institutions with greatest representation from University of Toronto (n = 55, 6%). Across all authorship positions, the large majority of knowledge syntheses (n = 753; 78%) included authors from institutions ranked in the top 200 globally. Conclusion Knowledge synthesis author teams have grown over the past 20 years, and while there is near gender parity across all author positions, authorship has been dominated by North American researchers located at highly ranked institutions. This suggests a potential overrepresentation of certain authors with particular characteristics, which may impact the conduct and conclusions of medical education knowledge syntheses.

scholarly journals Knowledge syntheses in medical education: Examining author gender, geographic location, and institutional affiliation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Maggio ◽  
Anton Ninkov ◽  
Joseph A. Costello ◽  
Erik W. Driessen ◽  
Anthony R. Artino
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Knowledge Synthesis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The University

ABSTRACTPurposeAuthors of knowledge syntheses make many subjective decisions during their review process. Those decisions, which are guided in part by author characteristics, can impact the conduct and conclusions of knowledge syntheses, which assimilate much of the evidence base in medical education. Therefore, to better understand the evidence base, this study describes the characteristics of knowledge synthesis authors, focusing on gender, geography, and institution.MethodIn 2020, the authors conducted a case study of authors of 963 knowledge syntheses published between 1999 and 2019 in 14 core medical education journals using a publicly accessible dataset.ResultsThe authors of the present study identified 4,110 manuscript authors across all authorship positions. On average there were 4.3 authors per knowledge synthesis (SD=2.51, Median=4, Range=1-22); 79 knowledge syntheses (8%) were single-author publications. Over time, the average number of authors per synthesis increased (M=1.80 in 1999; M=5.34 in 2019). Knowledge syntheses were authored by slightly more females (n=2047; 50.5%) than males (n=2005; 49.5%) across all author positions (Pearson X2=22.02, p<.001). Authors listed affiliations in 58 countries, and 58 knowledge syntheses (6%) included authors from low- or middle-income countries (LMIC). Authors from the United States (n=366; 38%), Canada (n=233; 24%), and the United Kingdom (n=180; 19%) published the most knowledge syntheses. Authors listed affiliation at 617 unique institutions, and first authors represented 362 unique institutions with greatest representation from the University of Toronto (n=55, 6%) and the Mayo Clinic (n=31, 3%). Across all authorship positions, the large majority of knowledge syntheses (n=753; 78%) included authors at top 200 ranked institutions.ConclusionsKnowledge synthesis author teams have grown over the past 20 years, and while there is near gender parity across all author positions, authorship has been dominated by North American researchers located at highly ranked institutions. This suggests a potential overrepresentation of certain authors with particular characteristics, which may impact the conduct and conclusions of knowledge syntheses in medical education.

Remembering Dr Li-Ching Lee, a pioneer of global autism research

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110596
Author(s):  
Eric Rubenstein ◽  
Catherine Rice ◽  
Calliope Hollingue ◽  
Peng-Chou Tsai ◽  
Lydia Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Large Impact ◽  
Professional Communities ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Autism Research ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

The field of global autism research lost a pioneer, champion, and innovator with the passing of Dr Li-Ching Lee in May 2021. Dr Lee served as the editor for a special issue in Autism on global autism research (2017, Volume 21, Issue 5) and her substantial impact on autism research and autistic individuals and their families in low- and middle-income countries warrants a place in this special issue. While a giant in the professional arena, her large impact on science is minor compared to the compassion, kindness, and love she brought to her family, friends, and her professional communities at Johns Hopkins, across institutions, her native Taiwan, and the areas in which she conducted her research. Dr Lee was immensely humble and intensely focused on harnessing epidemiology to positively impact the lives of people with autism and developmental disabilities. Her humility and professional dedication was coupled with a desire to keep her own challenges and triumphs private including her courageous efforts to stave off cancer while accomplishing so much in support of others.

scholarly journals Conducting Benefit-Cost Analysis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Introduction to the Special Issue

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Robinson ◽  
James K. Hammitt ◽  
Dean T. Jamison ◽  
Damian G. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Global Health And Development

Investing in global health and development requires making difficult choices about what policies to pursue and what level of resources to devote to different initiatives. Methods of economic evaluation are well established and widely used to quantify and compare the impacts of alternative investments. However, if not well conducted and clearly reported, these evaluations can lead to erroneous conclusions. Differences in analytic methods and assumptions can obscure important differences in impacts. To increase the comparability of these evaluations, improve their quality, and expand their use, this special issue includes a series of papers developed to support reference case guidance for benefit-cost analysis. In this introductory article, we discuss the background and context for this work, summarize the process we are following, describe the overall framework, and introduce the articles that follow.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Community Actors in The Response Against COVID-19: Lessons From Three African Countries, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mumba Zulu ◽  
Chama Mulubwa ◽  
Nathanael Sirili ◽  
Adam Silumbwe ◽  
Malizgani Paul Chavula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Early Response ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Community Health Systems ◽  
Made In

Abstract Objective With the spread of COVID-19 to most low-and middle- income countries, global concerns arise on how to respond to the pandemic. We seek to highlight the early response to COVID-19 of Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia and draw lessons on how community actors could be engaged in the global efforts to prevent its spread and resurgence. This is envisioned to guide COVID-19 prevention efforts as well as implementation of interventions, especially in areas with relaxed, no or partial lockdown measures. ResultsCommunity actors can be useful in the promotion of behavioural change including consistent use of face masks, handwashing, social distancing, as well as act as whistle-blowers who identify new residents, report suspected COVID-19 cases and those breaking self-quarantine directives. Furthermore, community actors can encourage adherence to government directives on COVID-19 prevention through integrating COVID-19 information into their routine services. Countries across the globe have the opportunity to tap into the potential role of community actors, especially as we move towards more inclusive health systems. Increased involvement of community health systems is vital in sustaining the gains that have been made in areas where COVID-19 cases have reduced.

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