scholarly journals The valuation of environmental services in the price formation of native rubber in Acre

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e218101016163
Author(s):  
Raimundo Cláudio Gomes Maciel ◽  
César Leandro de Christo Hundertmarck ◽  
José Roberto Kassai ◽  
João Alfredo de Carvalho Mangabeira ◽  
Pedro Gilberto Cavalcante Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Valuation ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Environmental Certification ◽  
Environmental Attributes ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Extractive Reserves

The disarticulation of traditional extractionism in the 1960s led to serious socio-economic and environmental problems in the Amazon. The Extractive Reserves (RESEX) arose as a sustainable development alternative for the region. However, the unique challenges in extractive activities – such as native rubber – continue to result in difficulties with economic viability since the market fails to capture the environmental attributes of the forests. These failures may impact the maintenance of eco-systemic services. The payments for environmental services, such as the environmental certification, arise as a way to compensate those who carry out environmental services. The general aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental valuation in the price formation of the rubber productive chain in the state of Acre. We work with the methodology of price formation through trade margin indicators (Markup) and Effective Appropriation according to the structure of the market circuits of the rubber productive chain in the region. Our results indicate that the extractivists of the Chico Mendes RESEX obtained, in the period of 2018/2019, a level of remuneration for their environmental services which may lead to economic viability in rubber production. However, from the standpoint of maintenance of environmental services – as well as the maintenance of the families of the extractivists – that remuneration is still not enough for an effective environmental valuation.

Governing the Rainforest

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Z. Bratman
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Extractive Reserves ◽  
Road Paving

Sustainable development is among the foremost ideas that guide societal aspirations around the world. This book interrogates the concept through a critical lens, examining both its history and the trajectory of its manifestations in the Brazilian Amazon. The book argues that sustainable development is a concept that is better understood as involving embroilments and ongoing processes of contestation rather than a single end goal. The research offers historical analysis of Amazonian development from the colonial era into the discourse and praxis of sustainable development in contemporary times, and then illustrates the tensions of sustainable development plans that are experienced by people living in the areas geographically the closest to where those plans are being implemented. The history of the Brazilian Amazon is introduced to readers through focused discussions on the tensions between making grand plans for the region and the everyday practices and experiences of sustainable development, which involve considerably more muddling. Case studies explore agrarian reform initiatives that occur alongside road paving projects, the creation of extractive reserves and conservation areas that follow in the wake of assassinations, and the construction of a massive hydroelectric dam. While Amazonian sustainable development is a widely-accepted imperative, the research presented here shows how land use and infrastructure plans conducted in the name of sustainable development often perpetuate and reinforce economic and political inequalities.

The role of deforestation risk and calibrated compensation in designing payments for environmental services

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER ALIX-GARCIA ◽  
ALAIN DE JANVRY ◽  
ELISABETH SADOULET
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Budget Constraint ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Payment Scheme ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Poor Communities

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the gain in efficiency from including deforestation risk as a targeting criterion in payments for environmental services (PES) programs. We contrast two payment schemes that we simulate using data from Mexican common property forests: a flat payment scheme with a cap on allowable hectares per enrollee, similar to the program implemented in many countries, and a payment that takes deforestation risk and heterogeneity in land productivity into account. We simulate the latter strategy both with and without a budget constraint. Using observed past deforestation, we find that while risk-targeted payments are far more efficient, capped flat payments are more egalitarian. We also consider the characteristics of communities receiving payments from both programs. We find that the risk-weighted scheme results in more payments to poor communities, and that these payments are more efficient than those made to non-poor ejidos. Finally, we show that the risk of deforestation can be predicted quite precisely with indicators that are easily observable and that cannot be manipulated by the community.

Promotion of afforestation in New Zealand’s marginal agricultural lands through payments for environmental services

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 101212
Author(s):  
Thales A.P. West ◽  
Juan J. Monge ◽  
Les J. Dowling ◽  
Steve J. Wakelin ◽  
Holly K. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Agricultural Lands

scholarly journals Gender and payments for environmental services: impacts of participation, benefit-sharing and conservation activities in Viet Nam

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pamela McElwee ◽  
Huệ Thị Văn Lê ◽  
Tuyến Phương Nghiêm ◽  
Hương Diệu Vũ ◽  
Nghị Hữư Trần
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Women Participation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract There has been a rapid expansion in the use of payments for environmental services (PES) as a key conservation finance policy. However, there is insufficient understanding of how gender can affect PES implementation and outcomes. We present results from a case study in Viet Nam, where a national PES programme has been in place for a decade. Through panel household survey data, focus groups and interviews, we examined how women have been involved in PES policies, what the impacts have been on decision-making by men and women, participation rates and use of PES income over time, and the potential conservation outcomes. Our research confirms that resource use varies between men and women, and changes in access rights can fall disproportionately on women. Participation in PES has been lower for female-headed households and for women within male-headed households, although gradually more equitable participation has evolved within households. Female-headed households reported expending more yearly effort on PES activities despite protecting less land, and also increased their conservation activities over time as they presumably became more familiar with PES. Use of income from PES also showed differences between male and female-led households, with men more likely to spend funds on non-essential goods. Within households, although men initially decided how to spend PES money, decision-making has become more equitable over time. We conclude with some recommendations on how to increase attention to gender in PES projects and future research to improve outcomes.

scholarly journals Upscaling Payments for Environmental Services (PES): Critical Issues

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Pirard ◽  
Raphaël Billé ◽  
Thomas Sembrés
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Critical Issues
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