scholarly journals Uma revisão narrativa sobre as metodologias usadas no estudo de turbulência noturna dentro e acima da floresta Amazônica obtidos através do sítio experimental Amazon Tall Tower Observatory

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e100101421912
Author(s):  
Valkiria Andrade Costa
Keyword(s):  
Tall Tower

Este artigo tem o objetivo de documentar quais são as metodologias usadas nos estudos dos eventos turbulentos intermitentes de intensidade e periodicidade variáveis, que fornecem conexão episódica entre o dossel e a atmosfera e podem induzir comportamento oscilatório na camada limite noturna realizados especificamente no sítio experimental Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) através de uma revisão narrativa de literatura dos principais artigos publicados durante o período de 2012 até 2021. Uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada no banco de dados do projeto ATTO, onde esse banco de dados tem todas as publicações revisadas por pares em periódicos feitos neste projeto entre 2012 a 2021. Todos os artigos foram revisados, então a partir de 81 publicações no total apenas 3 artigos são categorizados como estudos sobre eventos turbulentos intermitentes na camada limite noturna. A partir disso, foi feita uma síntese das metodologias usadas nesses 3 artigos. Conclui-se, que se obteve dados de medidas diretas nas torres: direção e velocidade do vento, temperatura do ar, radiação líquida, precipitação, umidade do solo, fluxos de CO, CO2, O3, CH4 e CN. E assim foram calculados variâncias, fluxos de gases, número de Richardson (acima e dentro do dossel), calor sensível, calor latente, energia cinética turbulenta, velocidade horizontal média do vento e decomposição de multiresolução. A principal novidade do presente estudo foi essa análise como uma síntese das principais metodologias usadas sobre os diferentes fluxos escalares e suas escalas de tempo dentro e acima de um dossel da floresta Amazônica no sítio experimental ATTO à noite.

Entangled Trees and Arboreal Networks of Sensitive Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-126
Author(s):  
Birgit Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Tropical Trees ◽  
Atmospheric Change ◽  
Media Study ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Perspective ◽  
Nature Perception ◽  
Technological Perspective ◽  
Tall Tower

The article discusses how current mediated conditions change nature perception from a media study perspective. The article is based on different case studies such as the current sensation of atmospheric change through sensible media attached to trees which get published via Twitter, the meteorologist Amazonian Tall Tower Observatory and the use of gutta percha derived from tropical trees for the production of cables in the history of telegraphy. For analysing the examples, the perspective of »media as environments« is flipped to »environments as media«, because this focus doesn’t approach media from a networked and technological perspective primarily but makes productive the elemental character of basic »media« like air, earth and water

Wind Profiler and RASS Measurements Compared with Measurements from a 450-m-Tall Tower

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne M. Angevine ◽  
Peter S. Bakwin ◽  
Kenneth J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Wind Profiler ◽  
Tall Tower

scholarly journals The CO 2 record at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory: a new opportunity to study processes on seasonal and inter‐annual scales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Botia ◽  
Shujiro Komiya ◽  
Julia Marshall ◽  
Thomas Koch ◽  
Michał Gałkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Tower

Interannual Variability of Wind Speed and Wind Power at Five Tall-Tower Sites in Minnesota (1996-2001)

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Klink ◽  
Helen D. Fisher ◽  
Geoffrey K. Force ◽  
Joanna L. Thorpe ◽  
Jeffrey M. Young
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Tall Tower

scholarly journals Planetary boundary layer evolution over the Amazon rain forest in episodes of deep moist convection at ATTO

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício I. Oliveira ◽  
Otávio C. Acevedo ◽  
Matthias Sörgel ◽  
Ernani L. Nascimento ◽  
Antonio O. Manzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Moist Convection ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Virtual Potential Temperature ◽  
Gust Fronts ◽  
Deep Moist Convection ◽  
Tall Tower ◽  
Gust Front

Abstract. In this study, high-frequency, multi-level measurements performed from late October to mid-November of 2015 at a 80-m tall tower of the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) project in central Amazonas State, Brazil, were used to diagnose the evolution of thermodynamic and kinematic variables as well as scalar fluxes during the passage of outflows generated by deep moist convection (DMC). Outflow associated with DMC activity over or near the tall tower was identified through the analysis of storm echoes in base reflectivity data from S-band weather radar at Manaus, combined with the detection of gust fronts and cold pools utilizing tower data. Four outflow events were selected, three of which took place during the early evening transition or nighttime hours and one during the early afternoon. Results show that the magnitude of the drop in virtual potential temperature and changes in wind velocity during outflow passages vary according to the type, organization, and life cycle of the convective storm. Overall, the nocturnal events highlighted the passage of well-defined gust fronts with moderate decrease in virtual potential temperature and increase in wind speed. The early afternoon event lacked a sharp gust front and only a gradual drop in virtual potential temperature was observed, probably because of weak or undeveloped outflow. Sensible heat flux (H) experienced an increase at the time of gust front arrival, which was possibly due to sinking of colder air. This was followed by a prolonged period of negative H, associated with enhanced nocturnal negative H in the storms' wake. In turn, increased latent heat flux (LE) was observed following the gust front, owing to drier air coming from the outflow; however, malfunctioning of the moisture sensors during rain precluded a better assessment of this variable. Substantial enhancements of Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) were observed during and after gust front passage, with values comparable to those measured in grass fire experiments, evidencing the highly turbulent character of convective outflows. The early afternoon event displayed slight decreases in the aforementioned quantities in the passage of the outflow. Finally, a conceptual model of the time evolution of H in nocturnal convective outflows observed at the tower site is presented.

scholarly journals Can seasonal and interannual variation in landscape CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes be detected by atmospheric observations of CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations made at a tall tower?

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Smallman ◽  
M. Williams ◽  
J. B. Moncrieff
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Tall Tower

Abstract. The coupled numerical weather model WRF-SPA (Weather Research and Forecasting model and Soil-Plant-Atmosphere model) has been used to investigate a 3 yr time series of observed atmospheric CO2 concentrations from a tall tower in Scotland, UK. Ecosystem-specific tracers of net CO2 uptake and net CO2 release were used to investigate the contributions to the tower signal of key land covers within its footprint, and how contributions varied at seasonal and interannual timescales. In addition, WRF-SPA simulated atmospheric CO2 concentrations were compared with two coarse global inversion models, CarbonTrackerEurope and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's CarbonTracker (CTE-CT). WRF-SPA realistically modelled both seasonal (except post harvest) and daily cycles seen in observed atmospheric CO2 at the tall tower (R2 = 0.67, rmse = 3.5 ppm, bias = 0.58 ppm). Atmospheric CO2 concentrations from the tall tower were well simulated by CTE-CT, but the inverse model showed a poorer representation of diurnal variation and simulated a larger bias from observations (up to 1.9 ppm) at seasonal timescales, compared to the forward modelling of WRF-SPA. However, we have highlighted a consistent post-harvest increase in the seasonal bias between WRF-SPA and observations. Ecosystem-specific tracers of CO2 exchange indicate that the increased bias is potentially due to the representation of agricultural processes within SPA and/or biases in land cover maps. The ecosystem-specific tracers also indicate that the majority of seasonal variation in CO2 uptake for Scotland's dominant ecosystems (forests, cropland and managed grassland) is detectable in observations within the footprint of the tall tower; however, the amount of variation explained varies between years. The between years variation in detectability of Scotland's ecosystems is potentially due to seasonal and interannual variation in the simulated prevailing wind direction. This result highlights the importance of accurately representing atmospheric transport used within atmospheric inversion models used to estimate terrestrial source/sink distribution and magnitude.

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