scholarly journals Year-round passive acoustic data reveal spatio-temporal patterns in marine mammal community composition in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Vol 638 ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
I Van Opzeeland ◽  
H Hillebrand
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Passive Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Mammal Community ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
Over Time

To date, the majority of studies investigating marine mammal distribution and behavior take a single-species perspective, which is often driven by the logistic difficulties of collecting appropriate data at sea. Passive acoustic monitoring, provided recording tools exhibit sufficient bandwidth, has the potential to provide insights into community structure as devices operate autonomously simultaneously collecting data on baleen, pinniped and toothed whale acoustic presence. Data can provide information on local species diversity, residency times and co-occurrence. Here, we used multi-year passive acoustic data from 6 sites in the Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean, to explore how local marine mammal community compositions develop over time and in relation to sea-ice. Diversity peaked in austral late spring and early summer, shortly before seasonal sea-ice break-up. The effective number of species exhibited little variation over time, reflecting that species remain in Antarctic waters throughout austral winter. Community composition showed almost complete seasonal overturn, indicating that species replace each other throughout the year. For all 6 sites, community dissimilarity increased with increasing temporal distance, reflecting temporal trends in community composition beyond seasonality. Several species exhibited significant positive or negative co-occurrence patterns over time. These seasonal associations were consistent across all 5 oceanic sites, but partly inversed at the Western Antarctic Peninsula recording site. This study shows that the application of biodiversity metrics to passive acoustic monitoring data can foster insights into the timing of behaviors and community composition, which can boost the interpretation of responses in the light of ongoing environmental changes.

Acoustic sensors

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-78
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Crunchant ◽  
Chanakya Dev Nakka ◽  
Jason T. Isaacs ◽  
Alex K. Piel
Keyword(s):  
Species Conservation ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Acoustic Sensors ◽  
Passive Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Habitat Integrity ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Acoustic Space ◽  
Passive Acoustic

Animals share acoustic space to communicate vocally. The employment of passive acoustic monitoring to establish a better understanding of acoustic communities has emerged as an important tool in assessing overall diversity and habitat integrity as well as informing species conservation strategies. This chapter aims to review how traditional and more emerging bioacoustic techniques can address conservation issues. Acoustic data can be used to estimate species occupancy, population abundance, and animal density. More broadly, biodiversity can be assessed via acoustic diversity indices, using the number of acoustically conspicuous species. Finally, changes to the local soundscape provide an early warning of habitat disturbance, including habitat loss and fragmentation. Like other emerging technologies, passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) benefits from an interdisciplinary collaboration between biologists, engineers, and bioinformaticians to develop detection algorithms for specific species that reduce time-consuming manual data mining. The chapter also describes different methods to process, visualize, and analyse acoustic data, from open source to commercial software. The technological advances in bioacoustics turning heavy, non-portable, and expensive hardware and labour and time-intensive methods for analysis into new small, movable, affordable, and automated systems, make acoustic sensors increasingly popular among conservation biologists for all taxa.

scholarly journals Boots on the ground: the role of passive acoustic monitoring in evaluating anti-poaching patrols

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-216
Author(s):  
Christos Astaras ◽  
Joshua M Linder ◽  
Peter Wrege ◽  
Robinson Orume ◽  
Paul J Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Passive Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Hunting Activity ◽  
Annual Peak ◽  
Passive Acoustic

SummaryPassive acoustic monitoring is rapidly gaining recognition as a practical, affordable and robust tool for measuring gun hunting levels within protected areas, and consequently for its potential to evaluate anti-poaching patrols’ effectiveness based on outcome (i.e., change in hunting pressure) rather than effort (e.g., kilometres patrolled) or output (e.g., arrests). However, there has been no report to date of a protected area successfully using an acoustic grid to explore baseline levels of gun hunting activity, adapting its patrols in response to the evidence extracted from the acoustic data and then evaluating the effectiveness of the new patrol strategy. We report here such a case in Cameroon’s Korup National Park, where anti-poaching patrol effort was markedly increased in the 2015–2016 Christmas/New Year holiday season to curb the annual peak in gunshots recorded by a 12-sensor acoustic grid in the same period during the previous 2 years. Despite a three- to five-fold increase in patrol days, distance and area covered, the desired outcome – lower gun hunting activity – was not achieved under the new patrol scheme. The findings emphasize the need for adaptive wildlife law enforcement and how passive acoustic monitoring can help attain this goal, and they warn about the risks of using effort-based metrics of anti-poaching strategies as a surrogate for desired outcomes. We propose ways of increasing protected areas’ capacity to adopt acoustic grids as a law enforcement monitoring tool.

Seasonal marine mammal occurrence detected from passive acoustic monitoring in Scott Inlet, Nunavut, Canada

Polar Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1127-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Marcoux ◽  
Steven H. Ferguson ◽  
Nathalie Roy ◽  
Jeannette M. Bedard ◽  
Yvan Simard
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Passive Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Passive Acoustic

Advanced Technique for Automatic Detection and Discrimination of a Click Train With Short Interclick Intervals From the Clicks of Ganges River Dolphins (Platanista gangetica gangetica) Recorded by a Passive Acoustic Monitoring System Using Hydrophone Arrays

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harumi Sugimatsu ◽  
Junichi Kojima ◽  
Tamaki Ura ◽  
Rajendar Bahl ◽  
Sandeep Behera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Ganges River ◽  
Passive Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Click Train ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
The Ganges

AbstractTo understand the biosonar click characteristics of Ganges river dolphins (adults, young adults, and calves) in a wild environment along with periodic visual observations, an ongoing program for long-term in situ monitoring has been carried out using a passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) system. During monitoring phase 4 (2012), migrating Ganges river dolphin groups with small calves were visually observed, and click trains having a short interclick interval (ICI: from 6 to 12 ms) were concurrently found from the acoustic data corresponding to the period. Click trains having a short ICI have also been observed in other small-toothed whales during foraging and socializing activities (called buzz) (Thoms, Moss, & Vater, 2004; Simard & Mann, 2008). For analysis of the short ICI click trains produced by the Ganges river dolphins, an advanced technique that automatically detects and discriminates a “short ICI click train” from other click sequences during the selected periods of data recorded by a PAM system was developed. For a robust algorithm, a smaller mean ICI caused by overlapping click trains from multiple dolphins that fulfill the range of ICI values that may get incorrectly labeled as “short ICI click train” was considered to judiciously detect a reliable click train. By applying the selected parameters and ICI values (default or given), the performance of the proposed technique was demonstrated using sample data. The results showed the reliability of the technique for the extraction of a variety of short ICI click trains from other click trains.

Marine mammal distribution in the Gulf of Alaska from long-term passive acoustic monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 2804-2804
Author(s):  
Ally Rice ◽  
Ana Širović ◽  
Jennifer Trickey ◽  
John Hildebrand ◽  
Simone Baumann-Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Passive Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
Mammal Distribution

scholarly journals Underwater Soundscape Monitoring and Fish Bioacoustics: A Review

Fishes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelaide Lindseth ◽  
Phillip Lobel
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Passive Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Soundscape Ecology ◽  
Ambient Sound ◽  
Passive Acoustic

Soundscape ecology is a rapidly growing field with approximately 93% of all scientific articles on this topic having been published since 2010 (total about 610 publications since 1985). Current acoustic technology is also advancing rapidly, enabling new devices with voluminous data storage and automatic signal detection to define sounds. Future uses of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) include biodiversity assessments, monitoring habitat health, and locating spawning fishes. This paper provides a review of ambient sound and soundscape ecology, fish acoustic monitoring, current recording and sampling methods used in long-term PAM, and parameters/metrics used in acoustic data analysis.

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