3. Participatory social assessment in an economy in transition: strengthening capacity and influencing policy in Estonia; Scaling-up of participatory approaches through institutionalization in Government Services: the case of agricultural extension in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe; Scaling-up or scaling-down? The experience of institutionalizing PRA in the slum-improvement projects in India

Who Changes ◽  
1998 ◽  
pp. 40-64
Author(s):  
John Thompson ◽  
Jurgen Hagmann ◽  
Edward Chuma ◽  
Kudakwashe Murwira ◽  
Kamal Kar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Social Assessment ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Scaling Down

Agricultural Extension and the Campaign to Assimilate the Native Americans of Wisconsin, 1914–1932

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Firkus
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Extension Programs ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Agricultural Extension Service ◽  
Kinship Ties

Congress founded the Agricultural Extension Service (AES) in the Smith-Lever Act of 1914 to disseminate agricultural research to individual farmers. In some states the AES also worked to encourage Native Americans to adopt sedentary intensive agriculture and all aspects of assimilation connected with that occupation. J. F. Wojta, AES administrator in Wisconsin from 1914 to 1940, took a deep interest in Indian farmers and used the power and resources of his office to instruct Native Americans. Ho-Chunks, Menominees, Ojibwes, and Oneidas in Wisconsin adopted or rejected these social, economic, and political assimilation efforts during the Progressive Era according to their own circumstances and goals. The experience of Wisconsin tribes with the state's agricultural extension programs illustrates different ways that Native peoples tried to benefit from modern government services while maintaining their own culture and kinship ties.

Scaling up or scaling down: the use of foliage and soil information for optimising the phosphate nutrition of radiata pine

2000 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W Payn ◽  
M.F Skinner ◽  
R.B Hill ◽  
A.J Thorn ◽  
J Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Up ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Phosphate Nutrition ◽  
Scaling Down ◽  
Soil Information

Soil biodiversity in rapidly changing tropical landscapes: scaling down and scaling up

2005 ◽  
pp. 295-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken E. Giller ◽  
David Bignell ◽  
Patrick Lavelle ◽  
Mike Swift ◽  
Edmundo Barrios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Up ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Tropical Landscapes ◽  
Scaling Down

Is scaling up harder than scaling down? How children and adults visually scale distance from memory

Cognition ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie M. Plumert ◽  
Alycia M. Hund ◽  
Kara M. Recker
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Up ◽  
Scaling Down

Scale-up and biomass hold-up characteristics of biological fluidized bed reactors

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ozturk ◽  
M. Turan ◽  
A. H. Idris
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactors ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Scaling Down ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This paper presents a comprehensive study results on scale-up and biomass hold-up characteristics of biological fluidized bed reactors (BFBR). The overall objective of this study was to establish and test some basic design criteria for the scaling-up or scaling-down of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors. A 12.5 1 laboratory-scale fluidized bed was designed and constructed based on a geometrically similar 70 1 pilot scale fluidized bed and the process performances were compared. Biomass hold up characteristics of the BFBRs were also investigated during the experimental studies. A general expression was developed for predicting the biological fludized bed porosities. Using this expression, both the local and overall fluidized bed porosities could be predicted depending on biofilm thickness, expansion coefficient, media diameter and density. The validity of this expression was tested with the data from this study.

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