How Changed? Milton, Vida, Vergil, and a Network of Allusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-306
Author(s):  
David Currell
Keyword(s):  
Paradise Lost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First Words

Satan's first words in Paradise Lost (‘how changed | From him’) famously allude to Book 2 of the Æneid. Interpretations of Satan's character and of the relationship between Milton's epic and its precursor have been enriched through recognition of this arresting intertextual moment. Recent theoretical and methodological innovations can help to reveal yet more about these intertextual dynamics. Milton alludes in a way that takes account of prior links in an allusive chain, responding not only to the Æneid but also to mediating texts, including Vida's Christiad, whose wresting of the Vergilian phrase to fresh use Milton repeats with crucial changes. Milton's allusion should also be situated within an even broader and more generically variegated network of print diffusion. Vergil's phrase became a commonplace, but still ran within semantic circuits relevant to the allusive chain linking post-Vergilian epics. Milton's ‘how changed’ in turn established itself as a poetic formula.

From action to language through gesture

Gesture ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Capirci ◽  
Annarita Contaldo ◽  
Maria Cristina Caselli ◽  
Virginia Volterra
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Spontaneous Interaction ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
First Words

The present study reports empirical longitudinal data on the early stages of language development. The main hypothesis is that the output systems of speech and gesture may draw on underlying brain mechanisms common to both language and motor functions. We analyze the spontaneous interaction with their parents of three typically-developing children (2 M, 1 F) videotaped monthly at home between 10 and 23 months of age. Data analyses focused on the production of actions, representational and deictic gestures and words, and gesture-word combinations. Results indicate that there is a continuity between the production of the first action schemes, the first gestures and the first words produced by children. The relationship between gestures and words changes over time. The onset of two-word speech was preceded by the emergence of gesture-word combinations. The results are discussed in order to integrate and support the evolutionary and neurophysiological views of language origins and development.

Celestial Entertainment in Eden: Book V of Paradise Lost

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Rosenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biblical Figures

Although the relationship between the Biblical figures Abraham and Adam underlies episodes in Books V, VIII, XI, and XII of Paradise Lost, only the significance of the parallels in the last two books has been explored fully. Barbara Kiefer Lewalski finds that the transition from vision to narration in Michael's presentation of history, coinciding with the story of Abraham, symbolizes Adam's initial revelation through faith of a covenantal relationship with God. Stressing the similarities between Abraham's departure from Ur and Adam's from Eden, Mother Mary Christopher Pecheux believes that this association “enriches and universalizes Milton's theme, helps to emphasize the virtues of the Christian hero, and reinforces the paradox of the fortunate fall.” Moreover, the topic of Abraham's departure from his homeland affords Milton the opportunity of incorporating the epic-journey motif into his poem.

Do I Amuse You?

Making Milton ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 141-154
Author(s):  
Kyle Pivetti
Keyword(s):  
Paradise Lost ◽  
The Relationship

When Milton invokes the muse at the opening of Paradise Lost, he also introduces ambiguities of her identity, religious insight, and poetic purpose. Drawing on queer readings of Milton’s work, this essay reveals an inherent—and vexed—eroticism in the relationship to the muse and artistic inspiration. Milton plays upon the verb ‘muse’ throughout Paradise Lost, often associating it with satanic deception, but that implication operates in contrast to Milton’s earlier work with the muse in his Latin elegies and poems to Charles Diodati. In the end, we find that by claiming his status as the epic poet, Milton must foreclose the abundant possibilities in the eroticism of musing.

scholarly journals Parental reports of bilingual toddlers’ first words and grammar of Italian in majority and heritage language contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 126-138
Author(s):  
Francesca La Morgia ◽  
Jo Billington
Keyword(s):  
Heritage Language ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Bilingual Language Development ◽  
Parental Reports ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
First Words

This study presents the results of an investigation into the size and composition of vocabulary and early sentence formation in two groups of young bilingual children, one acquiring Italian as a majority language and the other acquiring it as a heritage language. The results show high variability in the relationship between input and vocabulary size and composition in children between the ages of 24 and 29 months, while this relationship becomes more stable in children between the ages of 30 and 37 months. The results also show that the majority of children have a larger vocabulary and produce more complex sentences in the majority language, input received in each language does not systematically correlate with vocabulary size or with production of complex grammatical structures. The results shed light on some characteristics of early simultaneous bilingual language development. Implications for practice are discussed.

Du Bartas Responding to Morton’s Milton : A Bodily Route to the Ecological Thought

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shiflett
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Ecological Thought ◽  
The Relationship

In The Ecological Thought (2012), Timothy Morton calls us to recognize the interconnectedness of all things by rethinking the relationship between cosmic and local. He points to Raphael’s speech to Adam in John Milton’s Paradise Lost, which compares Earth to the infinite cosmos, as an example of this ecological thought. An analogous cosmic viewpoint occurs in Guillaume du Bartas’s La Sepmaine (1578). This hexameron both highlights and complicates ecocriticism’s applicability to early modern texts. Whereas Milton’s text responds to Morton’s call by scaling Earth in relation to the macrocosmic, Du Bartas’s does the opposite: it scales the cosmic to the hyperlocal—the observer’s body. This earlier work thus offers a converse avenue by which to arrive at the ecological thought.

Paradise Lost in Dutch, 1728–2003

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frans van Dijkhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
First Century ◽  
Religious Dimension ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Verse Form ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter offers a history of Dutch translations of Paradise Lost, from the early eighteenth to the early twenty-first century. The focus is on the question of how Dutch translators have grappled with two issues: the epic’s verse form, especially its lack of rhyme and syntactic idiosyncrasies; and its politico-religious dimension, its complex view of the relationship between earthly and divine authority, as well as its anti-predestinarian stance. The history of Paradise Lost in Dutch, which starts with the translation of Van Zanten in 1728, is characterized by an unresolved formal struggle with Milton’s blank verse, embraced unreservedly only in the early twentieth century, with translator Gutteling. Before 1900, the politico-religious dimension of Paradise Lost was at the fore for translators, yet this aspect of the poem has receded in prominence, with translators after 1900 presenting the poem instead as a timeless and self-contained work of literary genius.

Milton, Marriage, and the Politics of Gender

John Milton ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Cox
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Political Obligation ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Politics And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter investigates the seventeenth-century cultural and historical context of Milton's portrayal the relationship of Adam and Eve in Paradise Lost. This approach aims to bring the intellectual, doctrinal, and political debates with which he engaged in his portrayal of the relationship between the sexes. The chapter examines Milton' understanding of the ideas of woman, womanhood, and the cultural debates about the relationship of man and woman in marriage and in the household, and the ways in which these conceptions formed his political and theological outlook. Milton's thoughts on gender and marriage, which were grounded in reformation and seventeenth-century Puritan teachings, in political debates on family and political obligation, and in the ideological and imaginative relationships between politics and gender, formed his prose and poetry on the relationship of man and woman.

Making Milton’s Bogey

Making Milton ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
Lara Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Women Writers ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Literary Imagination ◽  
Woman Writer ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
The Relationship

In The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination (1979), Gilbert and Gubar posit Milton and Paradise Lost as a ‘bogey’ for women writers. Wittreich’s Feminist Milton (1987) suggests an alternative reception history in which Milton’s poetry provided the basis for a more inclusive literary canon. This chapter re-examines the question of the relationship between Milton’s poetry, primarily Paradise Lost, and women’s literary history through a case study of the poetry of Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea (1661–1720). Though Finch acknowledges Milton’s influence explicitly in her blank-verse pastoral ‘Fanscomb Barn’, implicit debts are present throughout Finch’s 1713 Miscellany Poems and the fair-copy manuscript compilation ‘Miscellany Poems with Two Plays by Ardelia’ (1691–1701). The very different status of Milton and his verse in these two contexts illustrates the conflicted legacy of Paradise Lost for women’s literary history.

From action to language through gesture: A longitudinal perspective

Gesture ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Capirci ◽  
Annarita Contaldo ◽  
Maria Cristina Caselli ◽  
Virginia Volterra
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Spontaneous Interaction ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
First Words

The present study reports empirical longitudinal data on the early stages of language development. The main hypothesis is that the output systems of speech and gesture may draw on underlying brain mechanisms common to both language and motor functions. We analyze the spontaneous interaction with their parents of three typically-developing children (2 M, 1 F) videotaped monthly at home between 10 and 23 months of age. Data analyses focused on the production of actions, representational and deictic gestures and words, and gesture-word combinations. Results indicate that there is a continuity between the production of the first action schemes, the first gestures and the first words produced by children. The relationship between gestures and words changes over time. The onset of two-word speech was preceded by the emergence of gesture-word combinations. The results are discussed in order to integrate and support the evolutionary and neurophysiological views of language origins and development.

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