Physical problems in solar energy

1991 ◽  
Vol 161 (8) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Andryushin ◽  
A.P. Silin

It has long been realized by historians that the formulation of the first and X second laws of thermodynamics in the 1840s and 1850s was a complex process (1). What has not been so fully recognized is that the subsequent application of these laws to physical problems was also a complex process. To the formulators of the laws and to contemporaries of their generation there was little problem in applying the laws to physical problems. For example, J. R. Mayer, A. J. Ångström, For.Mem.R.S., J. P.Joule, F. R. S. , G. G. Stokes, F. R. S. , H. Helmholtz, For.Mem.R.S., and W. Thomson, F. R. S. , all of whom were born in the decade following 1814 (2), either formulated the laws of thermodynamics and/or applied them. I have examined elsewhere how some of these scientists (Mayer, Helmholtz and Thomson) applied the first and second laws to refute various mechanisms that had been previously proposed to account for the production of solar energy (3). They replaced them with theories of gravitational attraction whereby the Sun turned dynamical energy into heat energy. I have also examined the application of thermodynamics to theories of the interaction of light and matter that were found not to conform with the principle of the conservation of energy as then understood; Stokes, for example, developed a theory of resonance to explain phenomena such as absorption and fluorescence (4).


1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 705-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenii A Andryushin ◽  
A P Silin

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 743-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry T. Nock

ABSTRACTA mission to rendezvous with the rings of Saturn is studied with regard to science rationale and instrumentation and engineering feasibility and design. Future detailedin situexploration of the rings of Saturn will require spacecraft systems with enormous propulsive capability. NASA is currently studying the critical technologies for just such a system, called Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). Electric propulsion is the only technology which can effectively provide the required total impulse for this demanding mission. Furthermore, the power source must be nuclear because the solar energy reaching Saturn is only 1% of that at the Earth. An important aspect of this mission is the ability of the low thrust propulsion system to continuously boost the spacecraft above the ring plane as it spirals in toward Saturn, thus enabling scientific measurements of ring particles from only a few kilometers.


1882 ◽  
Vol 13 (333supp) ◽  
pp. 5317-5317
Author(s):  
W. B. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (PR3) ◽  
pp. Pr3-41-Pr3-46
Author(s):  
C. Royère
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Faiqua Tahjiba

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the actual condition of the students of University of Rajshahi (RU) regarding drug abuse and addiction. Using case study method the research was conducted with four objectives: (a) to find out how respondents began drug abuse; (b) to discover the causes of their drug addiction; (c) to understand the process of their drug abuse; and (d) to find out the economic, social and health effects of drug abuse. Methods: Case study method was used in this research. Through snowball sampling 18 drug- addicted students of RU were selected as respondents. In-depth interview with a schedule was used to collect data from the respondents in January 2019. Results: Findings of the study show that the causes of drug addiction included curiosity, frustration, friends’ request, neglect from family and friends etc. The drugs which they usually abused were Yaba, Phensydyle, Ganja (Weed), Chuani etc. Their average monthly expenditure for collecting drugs was in between Taka 8,000-10,000. They collected those drugs from rickshaw pullers at different points within the campus and from Mizaner Mor, Budhpara slum and other places outside the campus. The respondents opined that drugs were available if sufficient money could be spent. The respondents had senior and junior fellow students and local boys as companions while taking drugs. Most of them faced physical problems after taking drugs, and some of them tried to get rid of this curse of drug addiction. Conclusion: The findings of this research show that the rate of drug addiction among the students of RU was quite alarming. Therefore, all stakeholders including the students, guardians, teachers, university authority, the law makers and law enforcing agencies, researchers, civil society, NGO’s and the state must come forward together to combat this formidable foe.


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