АНАЛІЗ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК БУДІВЛІ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО КОРПУСУ СКЛАДНОЇ КОНФІГУРАЦІЇ ІЗ РОЗРОБКОЮ ПРОПОЗИЦІЙ ПО ПІДВИЩЕННЮ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ

There are many approaches to assessing the energy performance of buildings. In Ukraine, previously, when developing the energy passport of buildings, a method based on stationary calculations using degree-days of the heating period was used. Then, for the tasks of energy certification of buildings, a national calculation method based on the monthly quasi-stationary method was introduced. The simplified hourly method of calculation allows to consider thermal inertia of protections. In recent years, the methods of dynamic energy modeling using software packages have become increasingly relevant, because it allows at the preliminary design stage to estimate energy costs for different building needs before and after the implementation of energy efficiency projects and provides the ability to create 3D models based on geometric and thermal parameters, tasks of different configurations and types of engineering systems of the building. To build an energy model, a training building was chosen to determine energy consumption indicators and identify measures that have the greatest impact on the energy performance of the building.Purpose. Evaluation of energy characteristics of the educational building of a higher education institution with modeling of energy consumption in specialized software, technical and economic evaluation of opportunities to increase energy efficiency.Research methods. Energy inspection of the object of research and technical and economic analysis with the use of engineering methods of calculation, experimental measurements of the parameters of the microclimate of the building with the use of laboratory equipment were performed. Simulations are used in specialized software products RETScreen, EnergyPlus, DesignBuilder.Result. With the help of the developed models the structure of energy consumption of the educational building is obtained and the assessment of energy saving potential is carried out; in case of implementation of the proposed measures it is expected to reduce the consumption of energy resources and monetary costs for their payment, as well as improve the quality of educational services. The research was conducted as part of a master's thesis.Scientific novelty. The technical potential of this software for modeling the energy performance of a building of complex configuration on the example of the educational building of the educational institution, analyzed the methods of processing initial data for programs, comparative analysis of calculation results for the actual condition of the building, baseline and after implementing energy saving measures.Practical significance. As a result of the research, the potential of using different software packages to perform applied research of the master's dissertation was determined and a project of complex thermal modernization of the building of the educational building was developed.

Radiographic vs. MRI vs. arthroscopic assessment and grading of knee osteoarthritis - are we using appropriate imaging?

Purpose Radiographs and MRI scans are commonly used imaging techniques in the assessment of knee osteoarthritis. However, it currently remains uncertain how good a representation of the actual condition of the knee joint these investigations provide. By comparing them against arthroscopic findings the aim of our study was to conclude how accurate these imaging techniques are at grading knee osteoarthritis. Methods This was a retrospective study looking at knee arthroscopies performed at a tertiary centre over a 5 year period. The Outerbridge grade given at arthroscopy was correlated with pre-operative radiograph and MRI scores, so as to assess the reliability of these imaging techniques at predicting the actual severity of knee osteoarthritis seen. Results Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading of radiographs was moderately correlated with Outerbridge grades from arthroscopy for the medial compartment of the knee (Spearman’s rho (SR) 0.483, p < 0.001), with a milder correlation in the lateral compartment (SR 0.218, p = 0.003). MRI reporting of knee osteoarthritis was moderately correlated with Outerbridge grades in the medial compartment (SR 0.451, p < 0.001), mildly correlated for both the lateral (SR 0.299, p < 0.001) and patellofemoral joint compartments (SR 0.142, p = 0.054). KL and MRI grading was moderately correlated for the medial compartment (SR 0.475, p < 0.001) and mildly correlated for the lateral compartment (SR 0.277, p < 0.001). Conclusion The ability of radiographs to represent the actual condition of knee osteoarthritis is underestimated. KL grading especially best represents the disease seen in the medial compartment of the knee joint, with a moderate correlation to Outerbridge scores given on arthroscopic assessment. We suggest that whilst MRI is a useful tool in the investigation of knee symptoms, it is often unnecessarily used in patients with OA, when in fact, radiographs alone would be sufficient. Evidence level III

The sustainable utilization of skipjack tuna in Northern Aceh waters

In recent years, production of skipjack tuna in Aceh was fluctuative in decreased trend due to relatively smaller fish size production. This study was aimed to analyse the skipjack tuna utilization sustainability on actual, maximum sustainable yield (MSY), maximum economic yield (MEY), and open-access (OA) conditions in North Aceh Waters. This study used time series data in 2009-2018. The analysis method used was a Gordon-Schaefer bioeconomical model. The results that the utilization of skipjack tuna in North Aceh Waters were at economical and biological overfishing. In long-term condition, this will potentially cause a decreased fish stock that will finally disrupt the sustainability level. In actual condition, the average of skipjack tuna utilization level per year was 163.77% more than the allowed total catching product, namely 2,712.64 ton per year. To achieve sustainable point, the fishermen should decrease their effort at 19.32% of the actual condition effort. The highest biomass level was occurred in MEY regime, followed by MSY and OA regimes. This means that the management of skipjack tuna in MEY regime is more conservative than in other regimes due to not spending skipjack tuna resource maximumly, but proposing to an optimum production level, which results in a maximum profit.

A Study on the Method to Secure Evacuation Safety of Long-term Care Hospitals for the Elderly through Actual Condition Surveys

In long-term care hospitals, there are many patients with reduced mobility and the fire compartment is difficult, so there is a high possibility of large-scale casualties in the event of a fire. Various studies have been conducted to reduce these risks, but studies on problems related to evacuation safety and improvement measures are lacking. Therefore, this study intends to examine the problems related to evacuation safety through a fact-finding survey targeting two hospitals and to suggest improvement measures. As a result, problems related to 1) maintenance of fire doors, 2) establishment of a horizontal evacuation plan, 3) evacuation mechanism, and 4) recognition and implementation of worker evacuation plans were derived, and improvement measures for each problem were suggested.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF BUILDING EN-VELOPE OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS WITH ACCOUNT OF INDIVIDUAL INSULATION

At present, the problem of general thermal modernization of building envelopes is given much attention both at the level of scientists and consumers. This is one of the effective ways to reduce natural gas consumption, reduce the negative impact on the environment, maintain and improve comfortable indoor conditions. Over the last decade, the population has rapidly begun to insulate their homes in order to raise the indoor air temperature to a comfortable level in the multi-storey residential sector. Due to insufficient attention of the authorities in the housing and communal sector, the lack of scientific research and widespread public awareness, there is a massive thermal insulation of building by residents of multi-store buildings within their own apartments. But the study of thermal processes that occur in individual thermal insulation of enclosing structures is currently not fully completed. Therefore, in the context of significant increases in gas and electricity prices, this problem is relevant. In the study was carried out mathematical modeling of a fragment of a partially insulated wall of an enclosing structure with determination of heat flux by solving a three-dimensional differential equation of thermal conductivity with boundary conditions of II, III and IV kind and distribution of characteristics of building structures and insulation. These results can be used in the analysis of the efficiency of insulation of the building taking into account the fragmentary insulation and of comparison with systemic thermal modernization. As a result of modeling, the three-dimensional temperature fields of wall surfaces, are determined, there are additional heat fluxes (thermal bridges), which are not considered in the simplified one-dimensional calculation. In one-dimensional calculation, the heat flux from the wall is reduced by 2.43 times during insulation. Taking into account the total heat flow from the side surfaces near the window (thermal bridges) and system insulation - by 1.75 times. With fragmentary insulation and considering the total heat flux from the side surfaces near the window - by 1.6 times. The next stage of calculations is the determination of the actual air temperatures in the premises of a multi-storey building considering the actual condition of enclosing structures and heating systems, heaters, mode parameters of the coolant and outdoor air parameters. The methods and means of this analysis can take into account the final data of heat loss adjustment after the mathematical modeling presented in this paper. In consequence, the results will be taken into account in the projects of thermal modernization of buildings, reconstruction of heating systems, rational placement of sources, selection of equipment and regulation of devices.

COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE RESIDUAL LIFE OF GEARS BASED ON VIBRATION MONITORING DATA

A computational and experimental method for estimating the residual life of gears in the inter-repair period is proposed. The method is based on the main provisions of the theory of vibration-pulse diagnostics of spur gears, developed at the OIM of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The main performance criteria are the contact and bending endurance of the teeth. Accounting for changes in the value of the coefficient of internal dynamic load in the gearing during the operation of gears is carried out on the basis of vibration analysis during their vibration monitoring. The proposed method makes it possible to estimate the residual life of the gear mechanism at any stage of operation, providing the opportunity to organize the transition from planned preventive maintenance of machines to maintenance according to the actual condition. An example of estimating the residual life of a gear pair that limits the reliability of a two-row planetary gear motor-wheel of a heavy-duty dump truck is given. Keywords: gear transmission; vibration monitoring; residual life; inter-repair period; internal dynamic load in engagement

Assessing discharge periodicity in mountain catchments using classified environmental conditions (Tatra Mountains, Poland)

The periodicity of a river expressed in cycles of various lengths (monthly, seasonal, multiannual) is a result of climatic factors and overlapping environmental conditions within its catchment. In uncontrolled or poorly surveyed catchments, it is very difficult to determine the duration of a stream’s hydrological activity. This is especially relevant for catchments with complicated water circulation in karstic rocks. The present study concerns the small catchment of the Strązyski Potok river located in the area of the Tatra National Park, in the Western Tatras. The observation period covered the 2015 hydrological year, which differed hydrologically from average conditions. This study aims to develop a simple method to explain the processes shaping the mountain stream discharge periodicity. The research employed periodic field observations linked with climatic and non-climatic factors. Environmental conditions were assessed as four classes reflecting their influence on appearance or disappearance of mountain stream water. Class boundaries were the values of quartiles. The degree of correspondence between environmental factors and stream field observations was described via the Index DC (Degree Correspondence Index) approach. Complete correspondence (Index DC =0) was found in 23% catchments, a weak relationship between conditions favouring discharge and actual condition (Index DC= -1, +1) was noted within 11 catchments, while in 9 catchments, no such relationship was found (Index DC = -2, +2). The obtained results indicate a correspondence or lack thereof between the environmental potential of the catchment and its discharge periodicity. The discrepancies between the assessment of the influence of climatic and non-climatic factors and the data collected during field observations provide a basis for more detailed studies. Continuation of these studies based on the proposed classifications will allow for a more complete explanation of water disappearance in river channels and the determination of their short- and long-term discharge periodicity.