scholarly journals Foraging Behaviour of Three Sympatric Babblers (Family: Timaliidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. a26-34
Author(s):  
JONATHON JULIANA ◽  
DENCY FLENNY GAWIN
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Fruit Orchard ◽  
Disturbed Forest ◽  
Mixed Dipterocarp Forest

We investigated the foraging ecology of three species of babblers in Kampung Gumbang, Kampung Padang Pan and Dered Krian National Park, Bau. Vegetation in Kampung Gumbang include tall trees, shrubs and patches of kerangas. Dered Kerian National Park consists of mixed dipterocarp forest and limestone forest, which is surrounded by orchards and few villages. In Kampung Padang Pan, the vegetation is a mixed fruit orchard and secondary forest. Foraging data were obtained to compare foraging behaviour in three species. From 133 observations, suspended dead leaves was the most frequently used substrate by the three species. Stachyris maculate showed the most general foraging behavior, and it adopted probing strategy. Cyanoderma erythropterum and Mixnornis gularis obtained food items by gleaning. These three babblers utilize different foraging strategies and substrates, irrespective of their resemblances in other characteristics.  C. erythropterum and S. maculate forage mainly among dead and curled, twisted leaves in understory vegetation at significantly different heights. M. gularis forages on dead and living leaves and this species can be found abundantly in disturbed forest and plantation or farm habitats. All the three areas were observed never lacked falling leaves and structural complexity required as foraging substrates by those three babbler species. All three babblers occupy different foraging niches, and therefore interspecific competitions among themselves are minimized.

scholarly journals Bats Assemblage and Lunar Phase Effect on Bat Activity at Mixed Dipterocarp Forest, Gunung Gading National Park, Sarawak, Borneo

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (07) ◽  
pp. 1349-1357
Author(s):  
Mohd-Ridwan A.R. ◽  
Nurul Farah Diyana Ahmad Tahir ◽  
Mohamad Haikal bin Eshak ◽  
Gábor Csorba ◽  
Tamás Görföl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Lunar Phase ◽  
Phase Effect ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Mixed Dipterocarp Forest

scholarly journals Soils and the Distribution of Dryobalanops aromatica and D. lanceolata in Mixed Dipterocarp Forest. A Case Study at Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Tropics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Hirai ◽  
Hiroshi MATSUMURA ◽  
Hiroshi HIROTANI ◽  
Katsutoshi SAKURAI ◽  
Kazuhiko OGINO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Mixed Dipterocarp Forest

The foraging ecology of the gray rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides). III. Searching for different prey types in structurally varied habitats

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Mullin ◽  
Robert J Cooper ◽  
William HN Gutzke
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Elaphe Obsoleta ◽  
Rat Snake ◽  
Low Levels

Dietary generalists foraging for prey inhabiting different microhabitats may encounter different levels of structural complexity. We examined the effect of variation in prey type on the predation success and behaviors of the semi-arboreal gray rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides) foraging in structurally varied habitats. Individual snakes searched for contents of arboreal birds' nests or for small rodents in enclosures that simulated a bottomland hardwood forest habitat with one of five levels of vegetation density. Latency to prey capture was lower when the snakes were searching for small rodents than when they were searching for birds' nests, and lower for male snakes than for females. Generally, snakes were most successful when searching for prey in enclosures with low levels of structural complexity, and experienced decreased predation success in barren or highly complex habitats. Habitats with low levels of structural complexity may offer the snakes concealment from predation while not obscuring their perception or pursuit of prey. Of behavior durations measured in the trials, over 95% concerned 6 of the 20 behaviors described, and 3 of these occurred more often than the others, regardless of variation in the structural complexity of the habitat. Foraging gray rat snakes exhibited behaviors characteristic of active and ambush foraging strategies that increased their predation success on different prey types in the varied environments.

Thismia brunneomitra, another new species of Thismia (Thismiaceae) from Ulu Temburong, Brunei Darussalam

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Hroneš ◽  
Lucie Kobrlová ◽  
Vojtěch Taraška ◽  
Ondřej Popelka ◽  
Radim Hédl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Apical Margin ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Determination Key ◽  
Perianth Tube ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Mixed Dipterocarp Forest

A new species of Thismia (Thismiaceae) from northwest Borneo is described and illustrated. Thismia brunneomitra was discovered in 2015 in lowland mixed dipterocarp forest in the Ulu Temburong National Park, Temburong district of Brunei Darussalam. The new species is characterized by brown to blackish flowers with twelve darker vertical stripes on the perianth tube, inner tepal lobes that are connate to form a mitre with three very short processes at the apex, three-toothed apical margin of the connective and large wing-like appendage of the connective. An updated determination key of Thismia species found in Borneo is included.

Thismia inconspicua (Thismiaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from Borneo

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 295 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAL SOCHOR ◽  
RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI ◽  
FAIZAH METALI ◽  
MARTIN DANČÁK
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Perianth Tube ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Mixed Dipterocarp Forest

A new species belonging to the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia is described and illustrated. Thismia inconspicua was found in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest in Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei Darussalam. It is characterized by its sepia-brown perianth with free equal lobes with very short terminal appendages, two pairs of appendages on connective apices, perianth tube displaced from the ovary axis and short stem. DNA sequence data from commonly studied nuclear and mitochondrial loci are provided. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the close relationship with other members of section Thismia, subsection Odoardoa. An updated determination key of Thismia species of Borneo is included.

scholarly journals Notes on food and foraging of the Honey Badger Mellivora capensis in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kruuk ◽  
M. G. L Mills
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
National Park ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Foraging Strategies

Contents of faeces indicated that honey badgers in the Kalahari eat mostly rodents, followed by lizards and scorpions, all of which are caught by digging. Larger mammals (aardwolf, bat-eared fox, springhare) and large snakes are also eaten. Foraging behaviour is described and individual differences in foraging strategies are discussed.

Reproductive phenology of gingers in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest in Borneo

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoko Sakai
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Flowering Frequency ◽  
Mixed Dipterocarp Forest

Reproductive phenology of 117 individuals from a total of 20 ginger species (Costaceae and Zingiberaceae) was monitored for up to 21 mo in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest in the Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak. Of these 20 species of iteroparous perennials, pollinated by either spiderhunters (Nectariniidae), medium-sized Amegilla bees (Anthophoridae), or small halictid bees (Halictidae), many reproduced more than once a year, or flowered continuously with short interruptions. Significant but weak synchronization in flowering events among conspecific individuals was detected for only two species out of the five examined (Etlingera aff. metriocheilos and Amomum somniculosum). The low synchronization within the population, the overlapping flowering among species sharing common pollinators, and the high flowering frequency for each species, contrast markedly with the reproductive phenology of hummingbird-pollinated and large bee-pollinated plants of related taxa in the Neotropics. Although the plants studied do not include all members of each pollination guild, at least one species within a guild was flowering at any time except in the spiderhunter-pollinated guild. Some bee-pollinated gingers may serve as keystone species for survival of the traplining bees living on floral nectar and pollen.

An extensive study of the foraging ecology of beavers (Castor canadensis) in relation to habitat quality

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gallant ◽  
C H Bérubé ◽  
E Tremblay ◽  
L Vasseur
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Foraging Theory ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Partial View ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study was to examine the foraging behaviour of the beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820) and to explain its selection of terrestrial woody plant species according to central place foraging theory. Limitations in variety of food items in most studies with regard to size and (or) distance from the central place and information on availability of forage choices give a partial view of the subject. In this study, the theory is tested in a natural environment with high variability in food items with regard to these factors. Foraging choices by beavers were inspected by measuring variables on cut and uncut trees of every species encountered within 1 m of trail systems made by 25 beaver colonies in Kouchibouguac National Park in New Brunswick, Canada, thereby quantifying the availability of the different food items. The effect of habitat quality (food availability) on the foraging behaviour of beavers was also tested. The results of this study suggest that with increasing distance from the pond, beavers in high-quality habitats selected fewer, but larger, trees and are more species selective. This selectivity was diminished in habitats of lower quality. The results of this study are consistent with the predictions of the central foraging theory.

scholarly journals Sustainable cutting cycle and yields in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of Borneo

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 803-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Plinio Sist ◽  
Nicolas Picard ◽  
Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury
Keyword(s):  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Mixed Dipterocarp Forest
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