scholarly journals A Study of Brain Damage and Compensation in Anomic Aphasia Patients in the Acute Stage Post Stroke, Based on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Picture Naming Task

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Ye ◽  
Yumei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Post Stroke

scholarly journals Efficacy and Mechanism of Abdominal Acupuncture as a Poststroke Intervention for Promoting Upper-limb Motor Recovery: A Study Protocol of A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihuan Pan ◽  
Shanshan Ling ◽  
Jingping XIE ◽  
Youhua Guo ◽  
Yiping Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Abdominal Acupuncture

Abstract Background: How to promote true recovery from poststroke upper limb motor impairment has remained an urgent public health problem. Acupuncture has the potential to facilitate poststroke recovery. Abdominal acupuncture, based on the recently discovered acupoint system on the anterior abdominal wall, appears attractive because it induces less pain, and allows concurrent limb rehabilitative training during treatment. However, its clinical efficacy has not been systematically demonstrated, and its neurophysiological mechanism has remained obscure. Methods: First-onset stroke survivors (0.5-3 months post-stroke) will be randomly divided into 3 groups (N=22 in each), respectively receiving (1) abdominal acupuncture, (2) abdominal acupuncture with sham needles, and (3) no acupuncture. All subjects will concurrently receive basic treatment, including upper limb rehabilitative training and measures for secondary stroke prevention. Clinical scores reflective of motor functions and impairment (Wolf motor function test, Fugl-Meyer assessment, Brunnstrom staging), evaluation of daily life ability, surface electromyography, and motor-imagery functional magnetic resonance imaging will be collected as outcome measures before and after intervention. Upper-limb muscle synergies will be identified from the collected surface electromyography. Discussion: The study will use abdominal acupuncture to improve recovery from motor dysfunction of the upper limb after stroke, to observe the effects of abdominal acupuncture on post-stroke upper limb motor functions, and to analyze the relationship between changes in upper-limb functions and measurements from both multi-muscle surface electromyographic data and brain activations during motor imagery from functional magnetic resonance imaging, so as to explore possible mechanisms of neuroplasticity associated with abdominal acupuncture. Trial registration: This trial was registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03712085) on 7th July 2018, and last updated on 16th Oct 2018.

A Detailed Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Frontal Language Area: A Comparative Study With Extraoperative Electrocortical Stimulation

Neurosurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Kunii ◽  
Kyousuke Kamada ◽  
Takahiro Ota ◽  
Kensuke Kawai ◽  
Nobuhito Saito
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Eloquent Areas

Abstract BACKGROUND: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a less invasive way of mapping brain functions. The reliability of fMRI for localizing language-related function is yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE: We performed a detailed analysis of language fMRI reliability by comparing the results of 3-T fMRI with maps determined by extraoperative electrocortical stimulation (ECS). METHODS: This study was performed on 8 epileptic patients who underwent subdural electrode placement. The tasks performed during fMRI included verb generation, abstract/concrete categorization, and picture naming. We focused on the frontal lobe, which was effectively activated by these tasks. In extraoperative ECS, 4 tasks were combined to determine the eloquent areas: spontaneous speech, picture naming, reading, and comprehension. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity with different Z score thresholds for each task and appropriate matching criteria. For further analysis, we divided the frontal lobe into 5 areas and investigated intergyrus variations in sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: The abstract/concrete categorization task was the most sensitive and specific task in fMRI, whereas the picture naming task detected eloquent areas most efficiently in ECS. The combination of the abstract/concrete categorization task and a 3-mm matching criterion gave the best tradeoff (sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 61%) when the Z score was 2.24. As for intergyrus variation, the posterior inferior frontal gyrus showed the best tradeoff (sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 59%), whereas the anterior middle frontal gyrus had low specificity. CONCLUSION: Despite different tasks for fMRI and extraoperative ECS, the relatively low specificity might be caused by a fundamental discrepancy between the 2 techniques. Reliability of language fMRI activation might differ, depending on the brain region.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures of Blood Flow Patterns in the Human Auditory Cortex in Response to Sound

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean C. Huckins ◽  
Christopher W. Turner ◽  
Karen A. Doherty ◽  
Michael M. Fonte ◽  
Nikolaus M. Szeverenyi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Complex Stimuli ◽  
Scanning Session ◽  
Auditory Research

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) holds exciting potential as a research and clinical tool for exploring the human auditory system. This noninvasive technique allows the measurement of discrete changes in cerebral cortical blood flow in response to sensory stimuli, allowing determination of precise neuroanatomical locations of the underlying brain parenchymal activity. Application of fMRI in auditory research, however, has been limited. One problem is that fMRI utilizing echo-planar imaging technology (EPI) generates intense noise that could potentially affect the results of auditory experiments. Also, issues relating to the reliability of fMRI for listeners with normal hearing need to be resolved before this technique can be used to study listeners with hearing loss. This preliminary study examines the feasibility of using fMRI in auditory research by performing a simple set of experiments to test the reliability of scanning parameters that use a high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio unlike that presently reported in the literature. We used consonant-vowel (CV) speech stimuli to investigate whether or not we could observe reproducible and consistent changes in cortical blood flow in listeners during a single scanning session, across more than one scanning session, and in more than one listener. In addition, we wanted to determine if there were differences between CV speech and nonspeech complex stimuli across listeners. Our study shows reproducibility within and across listeners for CV speech stimuli. Results were reproducible for CV speech stimuli within fMRI scanning sessions for 5 out of 9 listeners and were reproducible for 6 out of 8 listeners across fMRI scanning sessions. Results of nonspeech complex stimuli across listeners showed activity in 4 out of 9 individuals tested.

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